Umbrisol
The predominance of sloping land and wet and cool climate conditions restricts utilization of many Umbrisols to extensive grazing.The planting of perennial crops and bench or contour terracing offer possibilities for permanent agriculture on gentler slopes.Highland coffee on Umbrisols demands high management inputs to meet its stringent nutrient requirements.In Asia, they are found in the mountain ranges east and west of Lake Baikal, and on fringes of the Himalayas, notably in India, Nepal, China and Burma.In Oceania, Umbrisols are found in the mountain ranges of Papua New Guinea and southeast Australia and in the eastern parts of South Island, New Zealand.
Profilesilicic rockOceanicsoil classificationtopsoilorganic matterbase saturationChernozemsKastanozemsPhaeozemsweatheringsiliceous rockclimatesmountainousmoisturevegetationAndeanHimalayanCentral AsianEuropeforestgrassesConiferous forestBrazilUnited StatesSouth AsiaOceaniaMexicocloud forestKansasgrazingsoil pHerosionperennial cropscerealsSouth AmericacinchonaIndonesiacoffeeNew Zealanddairy farmingColombiaEcuadorVenezuelaBoliviaLesothoSouth AfricaPacificAtlanticIcelandBritish IslesPortugalLake BaikalSumatraPapua New GuineaAustraliaSouth IslandWorld Reference Base for Soil ResourcesUSDA soil taxonomyEntisolsInceptisolsRussianAcrisolsAlisolsAndosolsAnthrosolsArenosolsCalcisolsCambisolsChernozemCryosolsDurisolsFerralsolsFluvisolsGleysolsGypsisolsHistosolLeptosolsLixisolsLuvisolsNitisolsPlanosolsPlinthosolsPodzolsRegosolsRetisolsSolonchaksSolonetzStagnosolTechnosolsVertisolsAlfisolsAndisolsAridisolsGelisolsHistosolsMollisolsOxisolsSpodosolsUltisolsFAO soil classificationUnified Soil Classification SystemAASHTO Soil Classification SystemRéférentiel pédologiqueCanadian system of soil classificationAustralian Soil ClassificationPolish Soil Classification1938 USDA soil taxonomyList of U.S. state soilsList of vineyard soil typesSubsoilSoil crustClaypanHardpanGypcrustCalicheParent materialPedosphereLaimosphereRhizosphereBulk soilAlkali soilBay mudBlue gooBrickearthBrown earth