Mollisol
Mollic epipedons are created by long-term addition of organic materials derived from plant roots and typically have soft, granular soil structure.Mollisols typically occur in savannahs and mountain valleys (such as Central Asia, and the North American Great Plains).Though most other soil orders known today were formed at the beginning of the Carboniferous Ice Age 280 million years ago, Mollisols are best known from the paleopedological record as early as the Eocene.Soils which are mostly similar to Mollisols but contain either continuous or discontinuous permafrost, consequently affected by cryoturbation are common in high mountain plateaus of Tibet and the Andean altiplano.These soils are especially common in parts of South America in the Paraná River basin receiving abundant but erratic rainfall and extensive deposition of clay-rich minerals from the Andes.
USDA soil taxonomyLimestoneHumid continentalsemi-aridsteppesoil typeA horizonGreat PlainspedoturbationagricultureCarboniferousIce Agepaleopedological recordEoceneOligoceneMiocenePlioceneeluvial horizonudic moisture regimepermafrostcryoturbationaltiplanoMolliturbelsMollorthelsVertisolsParaná RiverAndisolsWorld Reference Base for Soil ResourcesChernozemsKastanozemsPhaeozemsLeptosolsGleysolsStagnosolsPlanosolsSolonetzPedogenesisPedology (soil study)Soil classificationSoil scienceAcrisolsAlisolsAndosolsAnthrosolsArenosolsCalcisolsCambisolsChernozemCryosolsDurisolsFerralsolsFluvisolsGypsisolsHistosolLixisolsLuvisolsNitisolsPlinthosolsPodzolsRegosolsRetisolsSolonchaksStagnosolTechnosolsUmbrisolsAlfisolsAridisolsEntisolsGelisolsHistosolsInceptisolsOxisolsSpodosolsUltisolsFAO soil classificationUnified Soil Classification SystemAASHTO Soil Classification SystemRéférentiel pédologiqueCanadian system of soil classificationAustralian Soil ClassificationPolish Soil Classification1938 USDA soil taxonomyList of U.S. state soilsList of vineyard soil typesTopsoilSubsoilSoil crustClaypanHardpanGypcrustCalicheParent materialPedosphereLaimosphereRhizosphereBulk soilAlkali soilBay mudBlue gooBrickearthBrown earthCalcareous grasslandDark earthDry quicksandDuplex soilEluviumExpansive clayFill dirtFuller's earthHydrophobic soilLunar soilMartian soilMuskegPaleosolPrime farmlandQuicksandSerpentine soilSpodic soilStagnogleySubaqueous soilTerra pretaTerra rossaTropical peatYedoma