It depicts the French Marshal Michel Ney immediately after his execution on 7 December 1815, with the firing squad seen marching away from the site.[5] The general reception was very split and the 1868 Salon marked the beginning of a lasting divide between Gérôme and many French art critics.[2] Théophile Gautier wrote a positive review highlighting details that give the picture meaning, Gérôme's treatment of the death theme, and the success of the painting at capturing a mental climate.[6] Henri Oulevay made a caricature where Gérôme is depicted in front of the wall with art critics as the departing firing squad, carrying pens and quills instead of rifles.[7] The previous year, Gérôme had exhibited The Death of Caesar, which has structural and thematic similarities to The Execution of Marshal Ney, with the corpse in the foreground and the killers departing with their backs to the viewer.
Caricature of Gerome by Henri Oulevay, commenting on the controversy roused by
The Execution of Marshal Ney
.