Hardtack
[8] King Richard I of England left for the Third Crusade (1189–1192) with "biskit of muslin", which was a mixed grain compound of barley, bean flour, and rye.[15] In 1665, Samuel Pepys first regularized naval victualling in the Royal Navy with varied and nutritious rations, to include "one pound daily of good, clean, sweet, sound, well-baked and well-conditioned wheaten biscuit".[20] By 1818, the United States Navy had outlined that each sailor was to be given 14 ounces of bread per day as part of their daily ration while serving onboard in the form of hardtack.[22][23] Civil War soldiers generally found their rations to be unappealing, and joked about the poor quality of the hardtack in the satirical song "Hard Tack Come Again No More".[24] John Billings, a soldier in the 10th Massachusetts Battery, outlines many details on how hardtack was utilized during the war in his book Hard Tack and Coffee.With insect infestation common in improperly stored provisions, soldiers would break up the hardtack and drop it into their morning coffee.[9] As early as the Spanish–American War in 1898, some military hardtack was used by service members in etching or writing notes, often commemorating events or coined with phrases of the time.[31][page needed][dubious – discuss] Hardtack was a staple of military servicemen in Japan and South Korea well into the late 20th century.It is known as Kanpan (乾パン) in Japan and geonbbang (geonppang, 건빵) in South Korea, meaning 'dry bread', and is still sold as a fairly popular snack food in both countries.A harder hardtack than Kanpan, called Katapan (堅パン), is historically popular in Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan as one of its regional specialty foods.Called galeta (галета) in Russian, it is usually somewhat softer and more crumbly than traditional hardtack, as most varieties made in Russia include at least some fat or shortening, making them closer to saltine crackers.They are said to have many properties, some jokingly assigned, such as the ability to combine them with standard issue shoe polish to create a flammable device, or to glue them onto vehicles to increase their armor protection.[35] Hardtack is also a common pantry item in Hawaii, and The Diamond Bakery's "Saloon Pilot" cracker is available there in grocery and convenience stores.
Hardtack (disambiguation)Pensacola Museum of HistoryCrackerAmerican EnglishbiscuitBritish Englishsalt porkcorned beefstandard rationOxford English Dictionarycognatedog biscuitsAnzac biscuitmilletdhourraKing Richard IThird CrusadebarleyHippocratesJames VI and ISamuel PepysRoyal NavychowdersMilton, Massachusettswater crackersBostongold prospectorsCalifornia in 1849wagon trainsAmerican Civil WarG. H. Bent CompanyUnited States NavyPurserBoard of Navy CommissionersHard Tack Come Again No MoreStephen FosterHard Times Come Again No More10th Massachusetts BatteryHard Tack and Coffeeinsectimproperly storedweevillarvaeblows from their rifle buttspancakewhiskeyBritish Arctic ExpeditionQueen VictoriaGosportHampshirecanned foodsSpanish–American WarAssize of Bread and Aletemp. incert.cocketcoxswainsfood energyproteinJapan Ground Self-Defense ForceInner MongoliaCultural RevolutionSouth Koreabyulsatangsaltine crackerscamperscappon magroGermanyshoe polishdefecatePolandPolish ArmyPanzerwaffeWehrmachtKronborgDenmarkPapua New GuineaPurity FactoriesSt. John's, Newfoundland and LabradorCrown Pilot CrackersNabiscofish and brewisshorteningUtqiagvik, AlaskaInterbake FoodsRichmond, VirginiaAlaskalight aircraftleaveningvegetable shorteningrationsfood ration barsfreeze driedCivil War re-enactorsBannockCompressed food barCracker (food)Cream crackerCrisp breadList of breadsList of crackersMeal, Ready-to-EatPemmicanSaltine crackerTsampaWater biscuitWeinreb, BenHibbert, ChristopherKeay, JohnThe London EncyclopaediaMa, BoGoldblatt, Howard (transl.)Viking Penguinpublic domainChambers, EphraimCyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and SciencesOxford Symposium on Food and CookeryWayback Machine