Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Hussain Qureshi (Urdu: مخدوم شاہ محمود حسین قریشی; born 22 June 1956) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 37th minister of Foreign Affairs from 2018 to 2022.[1][10][2] Qureshi was defeated in the 1997 Pakistani general election[2] by Makhdoom Javed Hashmi of PML-N.[10] He was offered a position in the Council of Economic Advisers to then President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf, which he refused.[2] He was re-elected for the second time to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Multan in 2002 Pakistani general election on PPP seat and defeated Makhdoom Javed Hashmi.[10][12] After taking charge of the office, Qureshi immediately made clear that he was committed to establishing peace in the region and that maintaining friendly ties with neighbouring India were amongst his top priorities.[15] In February 2011, the Government of Pakistan reduced the number of cabinet seats[16] and during the transition, Qureshi was offered the position of Minister of Water and Power.[31] On 18 August, Imran Khan formally announced his federal cabinet structure and Qureshi was named as Minister for Foreign Affairs.[33] On 21 May 2021, while he was in New York City at an emergency session held by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 May to discuss a response to the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis,[34] Qureshi conducted an interview with American journalist Bianna Golodryga on CNN.[35][36][37][38] On 20 August 2023, Qureshi was arrested by authorities due to his relation to Lettergate on the basis of using the diplomatic “cypher” cable for political gains.His re-arrest drew widespread criticism from PTI and international observers for mistreatment as Qureshi was manhandled and dragged to his jail cell by police.Former President Arif Alvi stated that "treating an ex foreign minister from two regimes in an undignified manner must draw the attention of the authorities."[41] On 3 July 2020, Qureshi announced he had tested positive for COVID-19 days after holding high-profile meetings including one with U.S. special representative on Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad in Islamabad.