Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
The Yadavas reached their peak under Simhana II, and flourished until the early 14th century, when it was annexed by the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate in 1308 CE.The "Sevuna" (or Seuna) name was brought back into use by John Faithfull Fleet in his 1894 book The dynasties of the Kanarese districts of the Bombay Presidency from the earliest historical times to the Musalman conquest of A.D.[10] According to this account, found in Hemadri's Vratakhanda as well as several inscriptions,[5] their ancestors originally resided at Mathura, and then migrated to Dvaraka (Dvaravati) in present-day Gujarat.[13][14] The territory of the early Yadava rulers was located in present-day Maharashtra,[11] and several scholars (especially Maharashtrian historians[15]) have claimed a "Maratha" origin for the dynasty.During the last half century of the dynasty's rule, it became the dominant language of epigraphy, which may have been a result of the Yadava attempts to connect with their Marathi-speaking subjects, and to distinguish themselves from the Kannada-speaking Hoysalas.[15] The earliest instance of the Yadavas using the term "marathe" as a self-designation appears in a 1311 inscription recording a donation to the Pandharpur temple,[18] towards the end of the dynasty's rule.[5][11] Many of the dynasty's rulers had Kannada names and titles such as "Dhadiyappa", "Bhillama", "Rajugi", "Vadugi" and "Vasugi", and "Kaliya Ballala".The earliest historically attested ruler of the dynasty is Dridhaprahara (c. 860–880), who is said to have established the city of Chandradityapura (modern Chandor).[11][5] He probably rose to prominence by protecting the people of Khandesh region from enemy raiders, amid the instability brought by the Pratihara-Rashtrakuta war.[24][26] For unknown reasons, the Yadava power seems to have declined over the next decade, during the reigns of Vesugi II (alias Vaddiga or Yadugi) and Bhillama IV.[28] The Yadava records state that he helped his overlord Vikramaditya VI complete the Karpura-vrata ritual, by getting him a karpura elephant.[29] At the time of Bhillama V's ascension in c. 1175, his nominal overlords — the Chalukyas — were busy fighting their former feudatories, such as the Hoysalas and the Kalachuris.[31] Meanwhile, the Hoysala ruler Ballala II invaded the Chalukya capital Kalyani, forcing Bhillama's overlord Someshvara to flee.[34] Bhillama's son Jaitugi successfully invaded the Kakatiya kingdom around 1194, and forced them to accept the Yadava suzerainty.[39] He launched a military campaign against the Hoysalas (who were engaged in a war with the Pandyas), and captured a substantial part of their territory.[40][41] The Rattas of Saundatti, who formerly acknowledged the Hoysala suzerainty, became his feudatories, and helped him expand the Yadava power southwards.[43][41] In 1220, Simhana sent an army to the Lata region in present-day Gujarat, whose rulers kept shifting his allegiance between the Yadavas, the Paramaras, and the Chaulukyas.During his reign, Simhana's forces invaded Gujarat unsuccessfully, and the Yadava general Rama (a son of Kholeshvara) was killed in a battle.However, Ganapati did not adopt an aggressive attitude towards the Yadavas, so no major conflict happened between the two dynasties during Simhana's reign.[51] Simhana was succeeded by his grandson Krishna (alias Kannara), who invaded the Paramara kingdom, which had weakened because of invasions from the Delhi Sultanate.[53] Krishna's younger brother and successor Mahadeva curbed a rebellion by the Shilaharas of northern Konkan, whose ruler Someshvara had attempted to assert his sovereignty.Historian P. M. Joshi dismisses this as a boastful claim, and theorizes that he may have "chastised some Muslim officials" in the coastal region between Goa and Chaul.Khalji reinstated Ramachandra as governor in return for a promise to help him subdue the Hindu kingdoms in southern India.[68] Ramachandra's successor Simhana III challenged the supremacy of Khalji, who sent Malik Kafur to recapture Devagiri in 1313.[78] The Mahanubhava religious sect, which became prominent in present-day Maharshtra during the late Yadava period, boosted the status of Marathi as a literary language.[9] Kannada was the court language of Yadavas till late Seuna times, as is evident from a number of Kannada-language inscriptions (see Origin section).The Sangita Ratnakara, an authoritative Sanskrit work on Indian music was written by Śārṅgadeva (or Shrangadeva) during Simhana's reign.
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Devagiri was ultimately captured by
‘Alā ud-Dīn Khaljī
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The trading ship raises the flag of the
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Yadav (disambiguation)Bhillama VDELHI SULTANATE(MAMLUKS)LOHARASSOOMRAEMIRATEMONGOLEMPIRE(CHAGATAIS)VAGHELASPARAMARASCHANDELASKAKATIYASCHODASEASTERNGANGASPANDYASCHOLASHOYSALASCHERASNashikAhmednagarDevagiriKannadaMarathiSanskritHinduismKalachuris of KalyaniWestern Chalukya EmpireKhalji dynasty (Delhi Sultanate)medieval IndianNarmadaTungabhadraDeccanMaharashtranorthern KarnatakaMadhya PradeshDaulatabadChhatrapati Sambhajinagar districtWestern ChalukyasSimhana IIKhalji dynastyDelhi SultanateYadavasdynastyJohn Faithfull FleetKanareseGondeshwar TempleHemadriPuranasMathuraDvarakaGujaratDridhapraharaVallabhiKhandeshYadu's descendantsNorth IndiaOld KannadaMarathaPandharpur templeKarnatakaDevanagariDharwadRashtrakutaChalukyaSeunachandra IChandorPratihara-Rashtrakuta warSinnarKrishna IIIBhillama IIKalyani ChalukyaTailapa IIParamaraJayasimha IISomeshvara IvarahaDeolaliSomeshvara IIVikramaditya VIParandaAnjaneriR. G. BhandarkarTailapa IIIKalachuriBijjala IIAkola districtUtkalaKakatiyaChalukyasKalachurisGujarat ChaulukyaNaddula ChahamanaKelhanaBallala IISomeshvaraSoraturMalaprabhaKrishnaKHWARAZMIANEMPIRECUMAN KHANATESKIEVANRUS'MONGOLCONFEDERATIONQARA KHITAIKIPCHACKSGEORGIAGHURID EMPIREZENGIDSABBASIDCALIPHATEMALAYUJINDYNASTYXI XIASONGDYNASTYAYYUBIDSULTANATESULTANATEOF RUMGO-RYEOJaitugiSimhanaNarmada RiverTungabhadra RiverArabian SeaTelanganaRattas of SaundattiArjunavarmanBhoja IIKolhapurChaulukyasKhambhat