Bus
In many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special large vehicle licence above and beyond a regular driving license.In order to encourage customers he started a horse-drawn transport service from the city centre of Nantes to his establishment.The first vehicles stopped in front of the shop of a hatter named Omnés, which displayed a large sign inscribed "Omnes Omnibus", a pun on his Latin-sounding surname, omnes being the male and female nominative, vocative and accusative form of the Latin adjective omnis/-e ("all"),[4] combined with omnibus, the dative plural form meaning "for all", thus giving his shop the name "Omnés for all", or "everything for everyone".[11] In parallel to the development of the bus was the invention of the electric trolleybus, typically fed through trolley poles by overhead wires.The Siemens brothers, William in England and Ernst Werner in Germany, collaborated on the development of the trolleybus concept.Sir William first proposed the idea in an article to the Journal of the Society of Arts in 1881 as an "...arrangement by which an ordinary omnibus...would have a suspender thrown at intervals from one side of the street to the other, and two wires hanging from these suspenders; allowing contact rollers to run on these two wires, the current could be conveyed to the tram-car, and back again to the dynamo machine at the station, without the necessity of running upon rails at all."[12] The first such vehicle, the Electromote, was made by his brother Ernst Werner von Siemens and presented to the public in 1882 in Halensee, Germany.In Siegerland, Germany, two passenger bus lines ran briefly, but unprofitably, in 1895 using a six-passenger motor carriage developed from the 1893 Benz Viktoria.[3] Another commercial bus line using the same model Benz omnibuses ran for a short time in 1898 in the rural area around Llandudno, Wales.With the success and popularity of this bus, DMG expanded production, selling more buses to companies in London and, in 1899, to Stockholm and Speyer.[16] Daimler Motors Corporation also entered into a partnership with the British company Milnes and developed a new double-decker in 1902 that became the market standard.General Motors purchased a majority stake in 1925 and changed its name to the Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company.[19] As well as a novel weight-saving integral design, it also introduced for the first time on a bus independent front suspension, power steering, a fully automatic gearbox, and power-hydraulic braking.This body+chassis approach has continued with modern specialist manufacturers, although there also exist integral designs such as the Leyland National where the two are practically inseparable.Second, over the lifetime of a vehicle (in constant service and heavy traffic), it will likely get minor damage now and again, and being able easily to replace a body panel or window etc.[21] Transit buses, used on public transport bus services, have utilitarian fittings designed for efficient movement of large numbers of people, and often have multiple doors.These private tour buses may offer specific stops, such as all the historical sights, or allow the customers to choose their own itineraries.Some provide other facilities like entertainment units[clarification needed], luxurious reclining seats, large scenic windows, and even lavatories.Due to the costs involved in owning, operating, and driving buses and coaches, much bus and coach use comes from the private hire of vehicles from charter bus companies, either for a day or two or on a longer contract basis, where the charter company provides the vehicles and qualified drivers.Party buses are used by companies in a similar manner to limousine hire, for luxury private transport to social events or as a touring experience.Sleeper buses are used by bands or other organisations that tour between entertainment venues and require mobile rest and recreation facilities.Victory parades are often held for triumphant sports teams, who often tour their home town or city in an open-top bus.Companies such as railroads, construction contractors, and agricultural firms may own buses to transport employees to and from remote job sites.The practice often extends into the exclusive private hire and use of a bus to promote a brand or product, appearing at large public events, or touring busy streets.Exhibition buses are often sent to public events such as fairs and festivals for purposes such as recruitment campaigns, for example by private companies or the armed forces.[citation needed] In the 1930s, Italy designed the world's only[dubious – discuss] triple decker bus for the busy route between Rome and Tivoli that could carry eighty-eight passengers.Population density also has a major impact, where dense urbanisation such as in Japan and the far east has led to the adoption of high capacity long multi-axle buses, often double-deckers while South America and China are implementing large numbers of articulated buses for bus rapid transit schemes.Euro Bus Expo is a trade show, which is held biennially at the UK's National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham.Most public or private buses and coaches, once they have reached the end of their service with one or more operators, are sent to the wrecking yard for breaking up for scrap and spare parts.As with other historic vehicles, many preserved buses either in a working or static state form part of the collections of transport museums.
Bus (disambiguation)New Routemasterdouble-decker busLondonUnited KingdomNew FlyertrolleybusTorontoCanadamotor vehiclepassengersrail transportpublic transportsingle-deckrigid busdouble-deckerarticulated busesmidibusesminibusesCoachesschool busesshuttle busesbus driverslarge vehicle licencedriving licensescheduled bus transportscheduled coach transportschool transporttourismpolitical campaignsHorse-drawn busessteam busestrolleybusesinternal combustion enginehybrid electric busesfuel cell buseselectric busescompressed natural gasbiodieselbus manufacturingglobalisedshortenedadjectival formdativeNantesManchesterSteam busAmédée BolléeWalter HancockSir Goldsworthy Gurneyturnpike trustsLocomotive Act 1861trolley polesoverhead wiresWilliamErnst WernerJournal of the Society of ArtsElectromoteHalenseeGermanyDresdenBradfordSiegerlandBenz ViktoriaLlandudnoDaimler Motors CorporationStockholmSpeyerB-typeFrank SearleLondon General Omnibus CompanyWestern FrontFirst World WarYellow Coach Manufacturing CompanyJohn D. HertzGeneral MotorsGM Truck and Coach DivisionAEC RoutemasterWorld War IIindependent front suspensionpower steeringautomatic gearboxpower-hydraulic brakingSiegenNetphenLGOC B-typeDaimler Companyarticulated busLos Angelessingle-decker busrigid chassisbi-articulated busesbus trailertrailer busopen-top buseslow-floor busesaudio-visualGuided busesbus lanesTriMetwheelchair rampTransit buseshigh-floorlow-floorair suspensionwheelchairbaby carriagespara-transitdestination displaysvisually impairedwheelchair liftsdisability discrimination lawsGuided Light TransitTranslohrdecalsbus advertisingmobile billboardCampaign busesdiesel engineoverhead linesrecharged on stops/stationsGyrobusesflywheelcoach buildingLeyland Nationaloff-the-shelf