Prataparudra
[7] During the reign of Prataparudra's predecessor Rudramadevi, Ambadeva – a Kayastha feudatory of the Kakatiyas – had set up an independent kingdom with support from the neighbouring Yadava (Seuna) and Pandya dynasties.He was succeeded by Madhurantaka Pottapi Choda Ranganatha (alias Raja-Gandagopala), whose rule is attested by inscriptions dated to 1290 (Shaka 1212).[10] The Kayasthas seem to have ruled Mulikanadu independently for the next few years, as the inscriptions of Ambadeva's son Tripurari II do not mention Prataparudra as his overlord.[11] In the early 13th century, the Deccan region was an immensely wealthy area, having been shielded from the foreign Muslim armies that had ransacked and razed northern India.[12] In 1296, Alauddin Khalji, a general of the Delhi Sultanate, had successfully raided Devagiri, the capital of the Yadavas, who were the western neighbours of the Kakatiyas.Alauddin forced the Yadava monarch Ramachandra to become his tributary, and shortly after, used the war booty from Devagiri to usurp the throne of Delhi.According to the 14th century chronicler Ziauddin Barani, the army had managed to reach Warangal, but decided to return because the rainy season had started.Historian Kishori Saran Lal theorizes that Delhi met with a humiliating defeat in Bengal,[15] which was ruled by Shamsuddin Firoz;[14] an embarrassed Alauddin decided to keep this failure a secret, which explains Barani's narrative.His theory is based on Velugoṭivāri-Vamṣavāli, which states that two Kakatiya commanders — the Velama chief Vena and Potugamti Maili — destroyed the pride of the Turushkas (Turkics, that is, the Khaljis).According to a Daksharama inscription, the Kakatiya commander Peda Rudra defeated Ballala and his allies — Shambhuvaraya of Padaividu and Yadavaraya of Chandragiri.[17] When the Pandya forces tried to evict the Kakatiyas from Kanchi, Prataparudra himself led an army against them, supported by his generals Muppidinayaka, Recherla Era Dacha, Manavira, and Devarinayaka.Sometime later, Kumara Rama forcibly occupied the western part of the Kakatiya kingdom, and Prataparudra responded by waging a war against Kampili.[19] According to Srinatha's Telugu language text Bhimesvara-Puranamu, Prataparudra's commander Prolaya Annaya destroyed the Kampili capital Kummata.[19] Kotikanti Raghava, a son of the Aravidu chief Tata Pinnama (who was probably a Kakatiya feudatory), is credited with having defeated Kampiliraya.[20] During the siege, a false rumour about Ghiyath al-Din's death in Delhi caused a rebellion in Ulugh Khan's army, and he had to retreat from Warangal.The 1330 Vilasa inscription of Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka states that Prataparudra died on the banks of the Somodbhava (Narmada) river, while being taken to Delhi as a captive.