Phobos program
The program featured cooperation from 14 other nations, including Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, West Germany, and the United States (which contributed the use of its NASA Deep Space Network for tracking the twin spacecraft).Below these were mounted four spherical tanks (the Fregat stage) containing hydrazine for attitude control and, after the main propulsion module was to be jettisoned, orbit adjustment.The failure of controllers to regain contact with the spacecraft was traced to an error in the software uploaded on August 29/August 30, which had deactivated the attitude thrusters.Software instructions to turn off the probe's attitude control, normally a fatal operation, were part of a routine used when testing the spacecraft on the ground.[3] Phobos 2 was launched atop a Proton-K with a Blok D upper stage from Baikonur cosmodrome on July 12, 1988, and entered Mars orbit on January 29, 1989.
Fobos-GruntRussianuncrewed space missionprobesSoviet UnionPhobosDeimosProton-K rocketPhobos 1Phobos 2VeneraplanetaryVega 1Vega 2Comet HalleyNASA Deep Space NetworkplasmaatmosphericelectronicsFregathydrazineattitude controlthrusterssolar panelsProton-KBlok Dultravioletx-ray/alpha spectrometerseismometeraccelerometerinfrared spectrometerParis ObservatorymagnetometerSun sensorSwedish Institute of Space PhysicsExploration of MarsList of missions to MarsSpace explorationAssociated PressBibcodeWayback MachineRussian Space AgencySoviet space probesKosmosMolniyaGLONASSMeteorAstronGranatPrognozRELIKT-1Lunokhod roversZond program2M/M69Spacecraft missionsList of Mars orbitersList of artificial objects on MarsFlybysPsycheEuropa ClipperOrbiters2001 Mars OdysseyMars ExpressMars Reconnaissance OrbitertimelineExoMars Trace Gas OrbiterRoversCuriosityMars Science LaboratoryPerseveranceMars 2020Mars 1Mariner 4Zond 2Mariner 6 and 7Mars 6Mars 7RosettaMars Cube OneMars 2Mars 3Mariner 9Mars 4Mars 5Viking programViking 1Viking 2Mars ObserverMars Global SurveyorNozomiMars Climate OrbiterMangalyaanLandersMars PathfinderMars Polar LanderDeep Space 2Beagle 2PhoenixExoMars SchiaparelliInSightTianwen-1 landerPrOP-MSojournerMars Exploration RoverSpiritOpportunityZhurongAircraftIngenuity helicopterflightsMars 1M No.11M No.22MV-4 No.12MV-3 No.1Mariner 3Mars 2M No.5212M No.522Mariner 8Mars 3MS No.170Mars 96Yinghuo-1EscaPADETera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)Mangalyaan-2Tianwen-3