Opteron
It was released on April 22, 2003, with the SledgeHammer core (K8) and was intended to compete in the server and workstation markets, particularly in the same segment as the Intel Xeon processor.Processors based on the AMD K10 microarchitecture (codenamed Barcelona) were announced on September 10, 2007, featuring a new quad-core configuration.The second capability, by itself, is less noteworthy, as major RISC architectures (such as SPARC, Alpha, PA-RISC, PowerPC, MIPS) have been 64-bit for many years.In combining these two capabilities, however, the Opteron earned recognition for its ability to run the vast installed base of x86 applications economically, while simultaneously offering an upgrade path to 64-bit computing.This both reduces the latency penalty for accessing the main RAM and eliminates the need for a separate northbridge chip.In multi-processor systems (more than one Opteron on a single motherboard), the CPUs communicate using the Direct Connect Architecture over high-speed HyperTransport links.In contrast, multiprocessor Xeon system CPUs share only two common buses for both processor-processor and processor-memory communication.As the number of CPUs increases in a typical Xeon system, contention for the shared bus causes computing efficiency to drop.At the time, AMD's use of the term multi-core in practice meant dual-core; each physical Opteron chip contained two processor cores.At the time of its introduction, AMD's fastest multicore Opteron was the model 875, with two cores running at 2.2 GHz each.Based on a core design codenamed Barcelona, new power and thermal management techniques were planned for the chips.It introduced HT Assist, an additional directory for data location, reducing the overhead for probing and broadcasts.Opteron 4000 series CPUs on Socket C32 (released July 2010) are dual-socket capable and are targeted at uniprocessor and dual-processor uses.The Opteron 6000 series CPUs on Socket G34 are quad-socket capable and are targeted at high-end dual-processor and quad-processor applications.AMD released Socket 939 Opterons, reducing the cost of motherboards for low-end servers and workstations.the "lidded land grid array" socket adds support for DDR2 SDRAM and improved HyperTransport version 3 connectivity.Starting from 65 nm fabrication process, the Opteron codenames have been based on Formula 1 hosting cities; AMD has a long term sponsorship with F1's most successful team, Ferrari.[12][13] Released June, 2017 Opteron processors first appeared in the top 100 systems of the fastest supercomputers in the world list in the early 2000s.
Operonclock rateHyperTransportTechnology nodeInstruction setx86-64Socket 939Socket FSocket C32Socket G34Ryzen Threadripper/Threadripper Proprocessorinstruction set architectureserverworkstationAMD K10quad-corePiledriver32-bit64-bitItaniumPA-RISCPowerPC64-bit computingmemory controllerDDR SDRAMDDR2 SDRAMDDR3 SDRAMnorthbridgemotherboardDirect Connect Architecturesymmetric multiprocessingNon-Uniform Memory Accessswitched fabriccontentionIntel Core i7dual-coremultithreadedAM2 socketmulti-chip moduleAthlon 64sAthlon 64 X2PhenomSocket AM3+Bulldozerland grid arraysocket 1207 FXbranch predictionaverage CPU powerSocket FT3Formula 1FerrariProcessList of AMD Opteron microprocessors3DNow!Socket 940800 MHz HyperTransport1000 MHz HyperTransportNX bitSocket AM2VirtualizationSocket AM2+HyperTransport 3.0Rapid Virtualization IndexingBulldozer (microarchitecture)Piledriver (microarchitecture)Jaguar (microarchitecture)JaguarARM Cortex-A57ARM architectureExcavator (microarchitecture)fastest supercomputers in the worldSandia National LaboratoriesOak Ridge National LaboratoryTexas Advanced Computing CenterNational Institute for Computational SciencesNational Energy Research Scientific Computing CenterIBM RoadrunnerLos Alamos National LaboratoryPowerXCell 8iTitan (supercomputer)NvidiaFermi (microarchitecture)130 nmCustom PCTDP power capAnandTechTOP500Advanced Micro DevicesWayback MachineAMD processorsProcessorsAthlonSempronTurionOpteronMicroarchitecturesChipsetsAthlon/K7K10 (aka 10h)SteamrollerExcavator1st genZen 3+Bobcat (aka 14h)K12 (aka 12h)Threadripper16-bitAm5x86K6-IIIAMD ÉlanAthlon 64A-series APUsAm9080Am2900Am29000AlchemySuper Socket 7Slot ASocket AATI / AMD chipsetsATI chipsetsRadeon Xpress 200CrossFire Xpress 3200AMD chipsets480X/570X/580X