Nhanda language

Nhanda, also rendered Nanda, Nhanta and Nhandi, is an Australian Aboriginal language from the Midwest region of Western Australia, between Geraldton and the Murchison River, from the coast to about 20 kilometres (12 miles) inland.A controversial hypothesis, first raised by historian Rupert Gerritsen, suggests that the unusual features of Nhanda may result from undocumented language contact during the early modern era, with Dutch – in the form of shipwrecked seafarers stranded in Australia before European settlement had officially begun.Gerritsen critiqued the rejection of his views by Blevins in a subsequent paper, re-outlining his evidence of Dutch influence on Nhanda.ngayi1.SGnyina-nhaasit-NPASTmambu-gubone-LOCngayi nyina-nhaa mambu-gu1.SG sit-NPAST bone-LOCI'm sitting on a boneNhanda distinguishes singular (unmarked), dual (-thada), and plural forms (-nu).It appears that when Norman Tindale collected information on Nhanda (or on the closely related variety thought to have been spoken in Geraldton) he was given this word, which he recorded as 'Amangu' and believed to be the 'tribal name' for this group.
ISO 639 codeAustraliaWestern AustraliaNhandaExtinctRevivalLanguage familyPama–NyunganNhanhagardiISO 639-3GlottologAIATSISUnicodeAustralian Aboriginal languageMidwest regionGeraldtonMurchison Riversemi-spokenNanakartiKartu branchPama–Nyungan familyisolateRupert Gerritsenlanguage contactEuropean settlementJuliette Blevinsphonologyphonemicglottal stopinitial-droppingstop consonantsPeripheralLaminalApicalGlottalBilabialPalatalDentalAlveolarRetroflexvoicelessvoicedLateralRhoticSemivowelsplit-ergativeergative-absolutivenominative-accusativeAbsolutiveNominativeAccusativeInstrumentalLocativeAllativeAblativeDativeNorman TindaleAustralian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander StudiesPama–Nyungan languagesPaman languagesAdithinngithighAndjingithAnguthimriAlngithLinnithighMpakwithiNdra'ngithArritinngithighAwngthimLuthighMpalitjanhMbiywomNdrangithNdwa'ngithNgkothUradhiUmpilaAyabadhuKugu-MuminhPakanhaWik-Me'nhWik-MungkanWik-NgathanWik-OmpomLamalamaMorrobolamBarrow PointGugu YalandyiKuku NyungkalGuugu YimidhirrSouthwestKoko-BeraKok ThawaKunjenKuuk ThaayorreKuuk YakYir-YorontKurtjarKuthantAlungulAngkulaAghu TharrnggalaIkarranggalTakalakThaypanMbara-YangaMbabaramWalangamaDjabugayFlinders IslandGugadjKok NarrMbariman-GudhinmaUmbindhamuEasternDyirbalicDyirbalNyawaygiWarrgamayWulguruBadjiriBidjaraKingkelBayaliDarumbalWarrongoWaka–KabicBarunggamGabi-GabiGureng GurengWakawakaWuliwuliDurubalicPimpamaJandayNunukulTurrbalGumbaynggiricKumbainggarYaygirWiradhuricGamilaraayNgiyambaaWiradjuriYuin–KuricDarkinjungDharugDhanggatiNgarigoNgunnawalTharawalDharawalDhurgaDyirringanyYugambalMarbalWorimiAwabakalGathangGippslandDhudhuroaGunaikurnaiPallanganmiddangYugambeh–BandjalangWaalubalYugambehGithabulAnewanKalaw Lagaw YaYidinySouthernYotayoticYabula-YabulaYorta YortaKulinicKolakngatBunurongDja Dja WurrungLedji-LedjiMadhi-MadhiWadi-WadiWathaurongWemba WembaWoiwurrung–TaungurungBungandidjDhauwurd WurrungLower MurrayKeraminNgayawungYaraldeYitha-YithaThura-YuraAdnyamathanhaBarngarlaKaurnaKuyaniNarunggaNgadjuriNukunuWiranguMirninyMirningNgadjunmayaNyungicGalaaguKalaamayaNatingeroNyungarWesternBadimayaMalganaThaagurdaWajarriYinggardaKanyara–ManthartaKanyaraBurdunaThalanyjiManthartaJiwarliNgayartaJurruruKurramaMartuthuniraNgarlaNgarluma-KariyarraNhuwalaNyamalNyiyaparliPanyjimaYindjibarndiYinhawangkaMarrnguKarajarriMangalaNyangumartaNorthernNgumpin–YapaNgarrgaWarlmanpaWarlpiriNgumbinWalmajarriGurindjiBilinarraMudburraWarumunguWarluwaricWagayaWarluwarraYanyuwaKalkatungicKalkatunguYalarnngaMayi-KulanMayi-KutunaNgawunCentralNgardiWanmanWestern DesertArandicArrernteKaytetyeLower ArrerntePertameKarnicArabanaDiyariMithakaNgaminiPitta PittaWanggamalaWilson RiverYandruwandhaBaagandjiBulloo RiverMuruwariBarranbinjaYolŋuDhaŋuDhuwalDjaŋuDjinbaDjinaŋRitharrŋuNhaŋuLower BurdekinBindalMacro-Pama–Nyungan?Macro-GunwinyguanManingridaBurarraNdjébbanaGurr-goniNakkaraMangarrayiWarndarrangAnindilyakwaDalabonGunbarlangJawoynKunwinjkuNgalakganNgandiNunggubuyuRembarrngaUwinymilGaagudjuKungarakanyWardamanWagimanTangkicKayardildLardilMinggindaGangalidda (Yukulta)GarrwanGarrwaGunindiriWaanyiextinct languages