Maine

The first European settlement in the area was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, founded by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons.A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s, although the rugged climate and conflict with the local Indigenous people caused many to fail.Today, Maine is known for its jagged, rocky Atlantic Ocean and bay-shore coastlines, mountains, heavily forested interior, and its cuisine, particularly wild lowbush blueberries and seafood such as lobster and clams.Coastal and Down East Maine have emerged as important centers for the creative economy,[14] especially in the vicinity of Portland, which has also brought gentrification to the city and its metropolitan area.[15] The earliest known inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine were Algonquian-speaking Wabanaki peoples, including the Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, Penobscot, Androscoggin, and Kennebec.During the later King Philip's War, many of these peoples would merge in one form or another to become the Wabanaki Confederacy, aiding the Wampanoag of Massachusetts and the Mahican of New York.[16][17] European contact with what is now called Maine may have started around 1200 CE when Vikings are believed to have interacted with the native Penobscot in present-day Hancock County, most likely through trade.[18] The first European confirmed settlement in modern-day Maine was in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, led by French explorer Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons.A second settlement was attempted in 1623 by English explorer and naval Captain Christopher Levett at a place called York, where he had been granted 6,000 acres (24 km2) by King Charles I of England.Justifying its actions with a 1652 geographic survey that showed an overlapping patent, the Massachusetts Bay Colony had seized New Somersetshire and Lygonia by force by 1658.[22] The Abenaki took captives taken during raids of Massachusetts in Queen Anne's War of the early 1700s to Kahnewake, a Catholic Mohawk village near Montreal, where some were adopted and others ransomed.In the wooded areas of the interior lies much uninhabited land, some of which does not have formal political organization into local units (a rarity in New England).Along the famous rock-bound coast of Maine are lighthouses, beaches, fishing villages, and thousands of offshore islands, including the Isles of Shoals which straddle the New Hampshire border.This visual contrast of forested slopes sweeping down to the sea has been summed up by American poet Edna St. Vincent Millay of Rockland and Camden, in "Renascence":[34] All I could see from where I stood Was three long mountains and a wood; I turned and looked the other way, And saw three islands in a bay.Geologists describe this type of landscape as a "drowned coast", where a rising sea level has invaded former land features, creating bays out of valleys and islands out of mountain tops.Prominent glacial features include Somes Sound and Bubble Rock, both part of Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island.By analyzing the type of granite, geologists discovered that glaciers carried Bubble Rock to its present location from near Lucerne, 30 miles (48 km) away.Most severe thunderstorms and tornadoes occur in the southwestern interior portion of the state,[39] where summer temperatures are often the warmest and the atmosphere is thus more unstable compared to northern and coastal areas.[44] Maine's terrestrial fauna comprises mammals such as moose, black bears, and white-tailed deer, along with smaller species like red squirrels, snowshoe hares, and raccoons.[45] Avian diversity is evident with migratory birds like piping plovers, American oystercatcher, and northern harrier, as well as resident species like black-capped chickadees, blue jays, and barred owls.Freshwater habitats support fish species like brook trout, landlocked salmon, and multiple gamefish, while marine life in offshore waters includes Atlantic puffins, harbor seals, minke whales, and lobster.[50] As explained in detail under "Geography", there are large tracts of uninhabited land in some remote parts of the interior of the state, particularly in the North Maine Woods.The upper Saint John River valley area was once part of the so-called Republic of Madawaska, before the frontier was decided in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842.Smaller numbers of various other groups, including Irish, Italian, Swedish[70] and Polish, have settled throughout the state since the late 19th and early 20th century immigration waves.According to the Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020, with Christianity as the dominant faith, the largest denominations by number of adherents were Catholicism (219,233 members), non-denominational Protestantism (45,364), and United Methodists (19,686).Formerly a large support base for the U.S. Navy, the BRAC campaign initiated the Naval Air Station's closing, despite a government-funded effort to upgrade its facilities.[102] Portland International Jetport has been expanded, providing the state with increased air traffic from carriers such as JetBlue and Southwest Airlines.Maine has very few large companies that maintain headquarters in the state, and that number has fallen due to consolidations and mergers, particularly in the pulp and paper industry.Its ships stop in Portland once a week in a route that includes Atlantic Canada and Iceland with connections to northern Europe and Asia.[142] Maine food shares many ingredients with Wabanaki cuisine, including corn, beans, squash, wild blueberries, maple syrup, fish, and seafood.
Maine State House , designed by Charles Bulfinch , built 1829–1832
Misty Morning, Coast of Maine
Arthur Parton (1842–1914). Between 1865 and 1870, Brooklyn Museum .
A map of Maine showing its famed jagged coast
The Maine coast and Portland Head Light
Rocky shoreline in Acadia National Park
Köppen climate types of Maine, using 1991–2020 climate normals
Winter in Bangor
Maine population density map
Ethnic origins in Maine
Bath Iron Works naval shipbuilding
Lobstering in Portland
Wild low-bush blueberries are only produced commercially in Maine. [ 99 ]
1928 ad promoting vacations in Maine
Map of Electric Railway Lines in Maine c 1907
A southbound Downeaster passenger train at Ocean Park, Maine , as viewed from the cab of a northbound train
Maine.gov logo
The University of Maine is the state's only research university.
College hockey being played at the Cross Insurance Arena
Maine (disambiguation)NicknamesMotto(s)DirigoAnthem:State of MaineUnited StatesMassachusettsDistrict of MaineAdmitted to the UnionCapitalAugustaLargest cityPortlandLargest county or equivalentCumberlandLargest metroGovernorJanet MillsSenate PresidentMattie DaughtryLegislatureState LegislatureUpper houseSenateLower houseHouse of RepresentativesJudiciaryMaine Supreme Judicial CourtU.S. senatorsSusan CollinsAngus KingU.S. House delegationChellie PingreeJared GoldenMount KatahdinAtlantic OceanMedian household incomeDemonymSpoken languageEnglishFrenchTime zoneEasternUSPS abbreviationISO 3166 codeTraditional abbreviationList of state symbolsFlag of MaineSeal of MaineSloganBlack-capped chickadeeButterflyPink-edged SulphurCat breedMaine CoonCrustaceanLobsterLandlocked Atlantic salmonFlowerWhite pine cone and tasselWild blueberryInsectHoney beeMammalWintergreenWhite pineBeverageBlueberry pieWhoopie pieFossilPertica quadrifariaGemstoneTourmalinepegmatiteBowdoinState quarterLists of United States state symbolsNew EnglandLower 48New HampshireGulf of MaineCanadian provincesNew BrunswickQuebecNova Scotia50 U.S. states12th-smallest by area9th-least populous13th-least densely populatedmost populous city2020 censusIndigenous populationslast ice ageAlgonquianWabanaki ConfederacySaint Croix IslandPierre Dugua, Sieur de MonsPopham ColonyPlymouth CompanyIndigenous peopleLoyalistPatriotAmerican RevolutionWar of 1812CanadaColony of New Irelandpeace treatyCommonwealth of MassachusettsMissouri Compromiseforestedwild lowbush blueberriesseafoodDown East Mainecreative economythe vicinity of PortlandgentrificationHistory of MaineMaine State HouseCharles BulfinchBrooklyn MuseumPassamaquoddyMaliseetPenobscotAndroscogginKing Philip's WarWampanoagMahicanNew YorkIroquoisEuropean contactVikingsHancock CountyIcelandGreenlandfirst identified Americaattempted to settleNewfoundlandVikings in GreenlandcenturiesMaine PennySamuel de ChamplainAcadiaFrench provinceJamestown, VirginiaBritainJesuitPenobscot BayMount Desert IslandClaude de La TourCastineCharles de Saint-Étienne de la TourFort PentagouetProvince of MaineKennebec RiverTerritory of SagadahockChristopher LevettKing Charles IPiscataqua RiverProvince of New HampshireNew SomersetshireLygoniaMassachusetts Bay ColonySt. Croix RiverCornwall County, Province of New YorkCharles II of Englandbrother JamesDuke of YorkNew FranceDominion of New EnglandYork County, MassachusettsProvince of Massachusetts BayAndroscoggin tribeAbenaki nationKing William's WarSt. FrancisRogers' RangersOdanakDummer's WarNorridgewockPequawketBécancourSilleryNative AmericanAbenakiraid on YorkQueen Anne's WarKahnewakeMohawkMontrealPenobscot RiverProvince of Nova ScotiaSunburyTreaty of ParisBritish North AmericaWebster–Ashburton TreatyslaveryMissouri20th Maine Volunteer Infantry RegimentJoshua Lawrence ChamberlainUnion ArmyLittle Round TopConfederate ArmyBattle of GettysburgU.S. NavyUSS Mainearmored cruiserUSS Maine (ACR-1)Spanish–American WarMaine Coast (painting)Coast of Maine café-au-lait maculeList of counties in MaineList of Maine riversList of lakes in MaineGeology of MaineGeology of New England45th parallel northlatitudeContiguous United StatesEstcourt Stationextreme points of the United StatesMoosehead LakeLake ChamplainVermontSouth Twin LakeThoreauAppalachian TrailSpringer MountainGeorgiaInternational Appalachian TrailBelle IsleNewfoundland and LabradorMachias Seal IslandNorth RockCutlerfour areas between the two countries whose sovereignty is still in disputeBay of FundyOld SowwhirlpoolWestern HemisphereMississippi RiverPine Tree StatePinus strobusPinus resinosathe most forest cover of any U.S. stateNorthwest Aroostooktemperate broadleaf and mixed forestsNortheastern coastal forestsNorth WoodsNew England–Acadian forestsWest Quoddy HeadIsles of ShoalsEdna St. Vincent MillayRocklandCamdenPortland Head LightAcadia National ParkSomes SoundHinckley Yachtsglacial erraticLucerneIapetus SutureLaurentian terraneAvalonian terraneNational Park ServiceBar HarborAppalachian National Scenic TrailSt. John ValleyRoosevelt Campobello International ParkCampobello IslandFranklin Delano Roosevelt BridgeSaint Croix Island International Historic SiteCalaisKatahdin Woods and Waters National MonumentMaine State ParksMaine Wildlife Management Areas (WMA)Climate change in MaineHundred-Mile WildernessKöppen climate typesclimate normalsBangorKöppen climate classificationnor'eastersRockiesthunderstormsTornadoestropical cyclonesBig Black RiverPresque IsleLewistonFauna of Mainebalsam firsugar mapleEastern white pinesea milkwortsea-blightbayberryrugosa roseblack bearswhite-tailed deerred squirrelssnowshoe haresraccoonspiping ploversAmerican oystercatchernorthern harrierblack-capped chickadeesblue jaysbarred owlsspotted salamanderswood frogsbrook troutlandlocked salmongamefishAtlantic puffinsharbor sealsminke whalesU.S. Census Bureau2010 United States censusleast densely populated stateNorth Maine WoodsKennebec CountyGreater Portland metropolitan area2010 censusAnnual Homeless Assessment ReporthomelessBlack or African AmericanAmerican Indian and Alaska NativeNative Hawaiian and Other Pacific IslanderSome other raceTwo or more racesAmerican Community SurveyHispanic or LatinoMexicanPuerto RicanGermanAmericanFrench CanadianFrench AmericansCanadianAmerican Revolutionary WarAroostook CountyAcadianSaint John RiverRepublic of MadawaskaWebster-Ashburton TreatyWatervilleBiddefordMid CoastDown EastItalianSwedishPolishimmigrationfederally recognizedMi'kmaq NationNon-Hispanic WhiteAmerican IndianHispanicWhite HispanicPhilippinesGermanyCreoleLouisianaPublic Religion Research InstituteProtestantismCatholicismUnitarianUniversalistUnaffiliatedJudaismNew AgePew Research CenterProtestantEvangelical ProtestantMainline ProtestantHistorical Black ProtestantAtheismAgnosticismRoman Catholic ChurchHinduismBuddhismBaháʼíPagansUnitariansBaptistsMethodistsCongregationalistsUnitarian UniversalistJewishNew AgerAssociation of Religion Data ArchivesMuslimsMaine locations by per capita incomeList of power stations in MaineBath Iron Worksgross state productper capita personal incomeminimum wageagriculturalmaple syrupmaple sugarpotatoCommercial fishinglobsteringgroundfishingPoland SpringPortsmouth Naval ShipyardNaval Air Station BrunswickSouthern Maine Community Collegelow-bush blueberrieshigh-bush (cultivated) blueberrieshuntingsport fishingsnowmobilingskiingcampinghikingGreater Portlandice-free portHalifaxshort tonsPortland International JetportJetBlueSouthwest Airlinespulp and paper industryCovetrusFairchild SemiconductorIDEXX LaboratoriesHannaford Bros. Co.L.L.BeanFreeportPuritan Medical ProductsGuilfordJackson LaboratoryState tax levels in the United Statesincome taxsales taxpersonal propertyPennellville Historic DistrictBrunswick, MainePublic transportation in Mainepassenger jetBangor International AirportairlinesAtlantaOrlandoEssential Air ServiceturbopropAugusta State AirportHancock County-Bar Harbor AirportKnox County Regional AirportNorthern Maine Regional Airport at Presque IsleCape AirCessna 402sCommutAirEmbraer ERJ-145general aviationEastport Municipal AirportPenobscot Narrows BridgeU.S. Route 1Maine State Route 3Interstate 95Fort KentFloridaRouses PointUS 11US 2AUniversity of MaineUS 201US 202Maine State Route 6Maritime ProvincesCentral CanadaList of Maine railroadsDowneasterOcean Park, MaineAmtrakNorth StationOld Orchard BeachPan Am RailwaysBoston and MaineMaine CentralSt. Lawrence and Atlantic RailroadMaine Eastern RailroadCentral Maine and Quebec RailwayNew Brunswick Southern RailwayEimskipList of Governors of MaineList 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PortlandScarboroughSanfordBrunswickWestbrookCape ElizabethFalmouthBrewerOld TownHampdenTopshamWinslowFairfieldOaklandCaribouList of colleges and universities in MaineEducation in MaineList of high schools in MaineList of school districts in Mainehigher learningresearch universityland grantsea grantColby-Bates-Bowdoin ConsortiumBowdoin CollegeColby CollegeBates CollegecoeducationalbaccalaureateMaine Maritime AcademyCollege of the AtlanticUnity CollegeThomas CollegeUniversity of New EnglandCollege of Osteopathic MedicineUniversity of Maine School of LawMaine College of ArtInstitute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual ArtsDoctor of PhilosophyMaine Community College SystemYork County Community CollegeCentral Maine Community CollegeEastern Maine Community CollegeKennebec Valley Community CollegeNorthern Maine Community CollegeWashington County Community CollegeBiddeford Regional Center of TechnologyWabanakiLiving the Good LifeHelen NearingScott Nearingback-to-the-landMaine Organic Farmers and Gardeners AssociationLa KermesseFryeburg FairCumberland FairUnion FairCommon Ground Country FairOld Home Days festivalsBon AppetitFood & WineMaine Italian sandwichBoston baked beansB&M Baked Beans factoryCross Insurance ArenaMaine CelticsbasketballNBA G LeaguePortland Sea Dogsminor league baseballDouble-A NortheastMaine Marinersice hockeyPortland Hearts of PinesoccerUSL League OnePortland Phoenix FCPremier Developmental LeagueMaine Roller DerbyWomen's Flat Track Derby AssociationMaine Black BearsBates BobcatsColby MulesBowdoin Polar BearsBob MarleyList of people from MaineIndex of Maine-related articlesOutline of MaineState SenateNorth American Vertical Datum of 1988French-speaking populationNational Geodetic SurveyNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationUnited States Department of CommerceUnited States Geological SurveyModern Language AssociationMerriam-Webster.com DictionaryWayback MachineHandbook of North American IndiansThe Portsmouth HeraldNational 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