Keizō Hayashi
In post-war Japan, he became Governor of Tottori Prefecture from 1945 to 1947 and Director of the Bureau of Local Affairs from 1947 until the Home Ministry was disbanded in the same year.After the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, Hayashi, who did not have prewar military background, was chosen by Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida, with the endorsement of the American occupation authority, to head the newly formed National Police Reserve (NPR) in the capacity as Superintendent-General.Hayashi helped found the JSC and the JSDF after Japan regained its status as a sovereign state under the Treaty of San Francisco in 1954.[2] He passed the Higher Civil Service Examinations in 1928 and graduated from the law school of the University with a Bachelor of Arts degree the following year.[8][9] Upon graduation, Hayashi entered the Home Ministry and was posted to the Toyama Prefectural Office as a junior civilian official in 1929.As a transitional arrangement decided in a Cabinet meeting, he was appointed Director of the temporarily established Office of Domestic Affairs in January 1948.[24][25][26] Although the policy was supported by Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida and Supreme Commander Douglas MacArthur,[27] it was met with some opposition from within the GHQ.While most of the key posts, such as Deputy Superintendent-General and commanders of the Regional Units were filled by civilian officials and police officers from the ex-Home Ministry,[35][36] the influence of those prewar army officers and other right-wing figures, who called Hayashi a "home affairs warlord" (as against the "Showa warlords"), was greatly diminished in the NPR and its successor, the National Safety Force (NSF, predecessor of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force).[2] Hayashi's first task as the Superintendent-General was to lay down a new mind-set for the NPR, since the "spiritual training" (seishin kyoiku) in the prewar Imperial Japanese Army had been scrapped.[42] The new mind-set was finally introduced in a speech he made in March 1951, in which he emphasized, "The fundamental spirit of the NPR I firmly hold [is] patriotism and love of our race".Hayashi and Keikichi Masuhara, Director-General of the NPR, supported the idea to put ground and maritime forces under the supervision of a unified body so as to avoid a recurrence of interservice rivalry during the Second World War.Since the Defense Agency attached much importance to the research and development of missiles soon after the founding of JSDF, he met Major-General Gerald D. Higgins, the US Chief of Military Assistance Advisory Group in Japan (MAAG-J), in August 1954, to exchange views on the possibility of sending JSDF personnel to the US to study countermeasures against missile attack.In Washington, D.C., he met Charles Erwin Wilson, US Secretary of Defense, and Admiral Arthur W. Radford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, among other top politicians and military officials.[59] They held high-level strategic conferences, discussing issues on deployment of US troops to Japan and Korea, collective military actions, as well as the possibility of providing sufficient jet planes and destroyers to strengthen the power of the JSDF.[63] It was the first formal visit of a senior Japanese general officer to the UK since 1937, when Lieutenant-General Masaharu Homma attended the coronation ceremony of King George VI.On the following day, he met Franz Josef Strauss, Federal Minister of Defense, and Generalleutnant Adolf Heusinger, Inspector General of the Bundeswehr.[78] Hayashi was appointed to the Council in the capacity of President of the Japanese Red Cross alongside other prominent community leaders.[85] In recognition of his public services to Japan, Hayashi was bestowed the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st Class) by the Japanese government on 29 April 1977,[citation needed] thus becoming the first recipient with JSDF background.
IshikawaNational Police ReserveNational Safety ForceJapan Ground Self-Defense ForceGeneralGrand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st Class)Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st Class)Legion of Meritcivil servantgeneral officerJoint Staff CouncilChief of the General StaffJapan Self-Defense ForcesHome MinistryGovernor of Tottori PrefectureVice-Minister of Imperial HouseholdEmperor ShowaKorean WarPrime MinisterShigeru YoshidaAmerican occupation authoritysovereign stateTreaty of San FranciscoDefense AgencyUnited StatesJapanese Red CrossIshikawa PrefectureChūbu regionkosekiTokyo PrefectureLieutenant-GeneralImperial Japanese ArmyGovernor of Kyoto PrefectureTokyo Imperial Universitylaw schoolBachelor of ArtsToyama Prefectural OfficeKyoto PrefectureKanagawa PrefectureSecond World WarCabinetCabinet Legislation BureauMinister of Home Affairsunconditional surrender of JapanAllied PowersPrefectureGeneral Headquarters (GHQ) of the Allied PowersNational Public Safety CommissionJapanese constitutionJapanese war criminals were under trialImperial Household OfficeImperial Household AgencyŌgane MasujirōGrand ChamberlainKorean PeninsulaUnited Nationspolice officersSupreme CommanderDouglas MacArthurMajor-General Charles A. WilloughbyTakushiro HattoriImperial Japanese Army General Staff OfficeHirohitoBrigadier-General Courtney WhitneywarlordPeace ConstitutionNational Safety AgencyCoastal Safety ForceJapan Maritime Self-Defense Forceinterservice rivalryNorthern ArmyNational Safety AcademyCharles L. BolteVice Chief of Staff of the United States ArmyJapan Air Self-Defense ForcemissilesUS Department of DefenseWashington, D.C.Charles Erwin WilsonUS Secretary of DefenseAdmiral Arthur W. RadfordChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffjet planesdestroyersjoint military exercisetheater levelLieutenant-General Arthur TrudeauFar East and UN CommandUnited KingdomBritish governmentBritish Armed ForcesLondonLieutenant-General Masaharu HommaKing George VIWest GermanyFranz Josef StraussFederal Minister of DefenseGeneralleutnantAdolf HeusingerInspector General of the BundeswehrAdmiral Harry D. FeltUS Pacific CommandBaguioPhilippinesChief of Staff of the PhilippinesGeneral Peng Meng-chiSoutheast Asia Treaty OrganizationWestern Pacific Regionjoint operationsJichi Medical UniversityZenkō SuzukiToshiwo DokoTakao FujinamiChief Cabinet SecretaryYasuhiro Nakasoneofficial visits by Cabinet ministers to Yasukuni ShrineShibuyaZōjō-jiShiba ParkSenior Third RankJapanese governmentDouglas MacArthur IIUS Ambassador to JapanEmbassy of the US in TokyoPrivy Council of JapanUniversity of Tokyo