Juniper berry
[2] Unlike the separated and woody scales of a typical pine cone, those in a juniper berry remain fleshy and merge into a unified covering surrounding the seeds.[5] From extracts of the berries, fatty acids, terpenes, aromatic compounds, and hydrocarbons, such as pinene, sabinene, terpinen-4-ol, limonene, and myrcene, were isolated.[5] While classified as generally recognized as safe in the United States,[6] juniper berries may have various side effects that have not been tested extensively in clinical trials.[5] Mainly due to an increased risk of miscarriage, even in small doses, consuming juniper berries may affect pregnant or breastfeeding women.[11] The flavour profile of young, green berries is dominated by pinene; as they mature this piney, resinous backdrop is joined by what Harold McGee describes as "green-fresh" and citrus notes.A few North American juniper species produce a seed cone with a sweeter, less resinous flavor than those typically used as a spice.[18] In addition to medicinal and culinary purposes, Native Americans have also used the seeds inside juniper berries as beads for jewellery and decoration.
conifer conesseed conejunipersgalbulusJuniperus communisEuropean cuisineconiferssprucepine coneJ. drupaceaphytochemicalsessential oilflavonoidresinsproteinsaceticformicextractsfatty acidsterpenesaromatic compoundshydrocarbonspinenesabineneterpinen-4-ollimonenemyrcenegenerally recognized as safeside effectsclinical trialsAllergic reactionscatharsisconvulsionskidneyJ. sabinaSyracuse, SicilyJ. communisJ. phoeniceaJ. deppeanaJ. californicaHarold McGeecitrusthrushblackbirdwoodcockvenisoncabbagesauerkrautchoucroute garnieAlsatiansauerbratenNorthern ItalianSouth TyrolApulialiquorNetherlandsFrenchjeneverFinnishjulmustSwedenChristmasNorth AmericanNative AmericansBlackfootjewelleryaromatherapyperfumeryJuniperus phoeniceaJ. oxycedrusancient EgyptianJ. excelsaTutankhamunGreeceRomansblack pepperlong pepperadulterantPliny the ElderNatural HistoryDesert SerranoVanyumeMojave RiverWá’peatSerranoBellamy, DavidPerseus ProjectAngelicaBay leafIndian bay leaf (tejpat)BorageChervilChivesgarlic / ChineseCicelyCoriander leaf / CilantroBolivianVietnamese (rau răm)CulantroCurry leafEpazoteHoja santaHouttuynia cordata (giấp cá)HyssopKinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)KkaennipLavenderLemon balmLemon grassLemon myrtleLemon verbenaLimnophila aromatica (rice-paddy herb)LovageMarjoramMugwortMitsubaOreganoParsleyPerillaRosemarySavorySanshō leafSorrelTarragonWoodruffSpices