Hawwara
Some of them are: the Addasa, the Andara, the Awtita, the Baswa, the Gharyan, the Haragha, the Banu Irmazyan, the Kaldin, the Kamlan, the Karkuda, the Lahan or Lahana, the Maghar, the Malila, the Maslata, the Mindasa or Mindas (Mandasa, Mandas), the Misrata, the Razin, the Satat, the Tarhuna, the Wannifan, the Warfalla, the Wargha, the Warsatifa, the Washtata, the Yaghmorasen, the Zakkawa and the Zanzafa.[7] During the Byzantine period, the area called “Abaritana atque Getulia provincia” was a tribal principality, and the Hawwara were one of the two major ruling confederations.In 1380/1381, Barquq, Sultan of the Mamluks, established some Hawwara groups in Upper Egypt and granted the Iqta' of Girga to the Hawwari chief, Isma'il ibn Mazin.Al-Maqrizi also writes in his book Al Khetat that in the month of Muharram 815 AH (1412) the Hawwara tribesmen proceeded to Aswan and attacked the Banu Kanz.[12] The Egyptian Hawwara branch was deemed to be the de facto rulers of Upper Egypt and their authority spanned across North Africa, up until the campaigns of Ibrahim Pasha in 1813, which finally crushed their dominant influence,[13] and made them flee in masses to the Sudan.