Politics of South Sudan
When Kiir sacked his entire cabinet in 2013, Riek Machar accused him of stepping towards a dictatorship and challenged him for Presidency, triggering a civil war.[4] In July 2005, Garang died in a helicopter crash in Uganda, and was succeeded in both posts by Salva Kiir Mayardit, with Riek Machar as Vice-President of Southern Sudan.On January 12, after three days of voting, representatives of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) announced that, according to their estimates, 60 percent turnout threshold required for the referendum's validity (corresponding to around 2.3 million voters) had been reached.In July 2013, Kiir dismissed all his Ministers, including Vice President Riek Machar, with the official aim of reducing the size of government.Intermittent fighting then continued amid ceasefire breakdowns during the ensuing civil war[8][9][10] and international concern grew over more than 1,000 deaths,[11][12] a humanitarian catastrophe of over a million refugees,[13][14] and man-made famine.Following sanctions against some of the leadership on both sides,[21][22][23] including an arms embargo that was unknowingly violated by China's NORINCO until the sales were then canceled by the government who called for an end to hostilities,[24] an IGAD-mediated resolution in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia[25] under U.S.-led international pressure[26] was finally agreed at the end of September 2014 that would institute federalisation in the country,[27] a move that even less involved regional leaders in the country had suggested but the government had initially rejected.SPLM-IO's Taban Deng said the negotiations were suspended, while the government's Michael Makuei confirmed this adding that it would resume on 16 October with the prime ministerial issue being referred to an IGAD heads of state summit for discussion.[30] Foreign Minister Barnaba Marial Benjamin criticised the rebels for allegedly not signing the protocol but also said of the break:What has happened is that the negotiators have been asked to go back to their principals to consult on some of the issues where there is some concurrence."[36] The resolution, as announced by Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD) entailed structures and functions of a Transitional National unity government that was "mostly agreed on."The Sudan People's Liberation Movement-In Opposition (SPLM-IO ) called for immediate implementation, while the governing SPLM-Juba asked for a 30-month transitional period prior to the formation of a new administration.[37] To bring peace to South Sudan, President Salva Kiir and his former rival, Riek Machar formed a Unity Government in February 2020.[41] South Sudan's President Salva Kiir has named cabinet ministers, sharing power with ex-rebels in a key step in the peace process.
ConstitutionPresidentSalva Kiir MayarditVice PresidentsRiek MacharTaban Deng GaiJames Wani IggaRebecca Nyandeng De MabiorHussein AbdelbagiGovernmentCabinet of South SudanLegislatureCouncil of StatesDeng Deng AkonNational Legislative AssemblyJemma Nunu KumbaJudiciarySupreme CourtAdministrative divisionsStates and administrative areasGovernorsCountiesCitiesElectionsPolitical partiesForeign relationsMinistry of Foreign Affairs and International CooperationMayiik Ayii DengDiplomatic missions ofin South SudanNationality lawPassportVisa requirementsVisa policyHuman rightsMission in South Sudan (UNMISS)Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA)South SudanEast AfricaJohn GarangGarang'sSouthern SudanRepublic of Sudanco-rule of Great Britain and EgyptNiloticSeparatistAnyanyaFirst Sudanese Civil WarSudan People's Armed Forces1972 Addis Ababa AgreementGaafar NimeiryIslamic stateSecond Sudanese Civil WarComprehensive Peace Agreementgovernment of SudanSudan People's Liberation ArmyPresident of the Government of Southern SudanUgandaVice-President of Southern Sudanballotreferendum on independence for Southern SudanSudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM)Salva Kiircoup d'étatrefugeesSPLM-IOsixty-ninth session of the United Nations General AssemblyPagan AmumLam AkolRebecca GarangUgandan troopNORINCOBahir DarfederalisationBarnaba Marial BenjaminThe GuardianNational unity government2015 electionSouth Sudanese Civil WarLasuba L. WangoMinister of Federal AffairsTransitional Constitution of South SudanNational Legislature of South SudanSouth Sudan's first electionMinistry of Cabinet AffairsMinistry of Defense and Veterans’ AffairsMinistry of InteriorMinistry of Peace BuildingMinistry of Justice and Constitutional AffairsMinistry of National SecurityMinistry of Parliamentary AffairsMinistry of Information, Communication, Technology and Postal ServicesMinistry of Finance and Economic PlanningMinistry of PetroleumMinistry of MiningMinistry of Agriculture and Food SecurityMinistry of Livestock and FisheriesMinistry of Trade and IndustryMinistry of Environment and ForestryMinistry of Water Resources and IrrigationMinistry of Lands, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMinistry of Wildlife, Conservation and TourismMinistry of InvestmentMinistry of Higher EducationMinistry of General Education and InstructionMinistry of HealthMinistry of Labour, Public Service and Human Resource DevelopmentMinistry of Energy and DamsMinistry of TransportMinistry of Roads and BridgesMinistry of Gender and Social WelfareMinistry of Humanitarian AffairsMinistry of Youth and SportsIsaac Awan MaperKosti ManubiLuka Tombekana MonojaList of presidents of South SudanList of vice-presidents of South SudanSamson L. KwajeReutersABC NewsSudan TribunePresidential electionsParliamentary electionsHistory