Global city
The concept originates from geography and urban studies, based on the thesis that globalization has created a hierarchy of strategic geographic locations with varying degrees of influence over finance, trade, and culture worldwide.[5] Common features include a high degree of urban development, a large population, the presence of major multinational companies, a significant and globalized financial sector, a well-developed and internationally linked transportation infrastructure, local or national economic dominance, high quality educational and research institutions, and a globally influential output of ideas, innovations, or cultural products.[20] Together with Jon Beaverstock and Richard G. Smith, they create the GaWC's biennial categorization of world cities into "Alpha", "Beta" and "Gamma" tiers, based upon their international connectedness.[21] Primarily concerned with what is calls the "advanced producer services" of accountancy, advertising, banking/finance, and law, the cities in the top two classifications in the 2024 edition are:[22] In 2008, the American journal Foreign Policy, working with the consulting firm A.T. Kearney and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, published a ranking of global cities based on consultation with Saskia Sassen, Witold Rybczynski, and others.[23][24] The ranking is based on 27 metrics across five dimensions: business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement.
EcumenopolisWorld city (disambiguation)New York CityLondonGlobalization and World Cities Research NetworkBoth citiesfinancialglobal economic network.geographyurban studiesglobalizationgeographic locationsfinanceculturesocioeconomicurban developmentmultinational companiesfinancial sectortransportation infrastructureresearch institutionssociologistSaskia SassenLiverpoolThe Illustrated London NewsgeographerPatrick GeddesmegacityUniversity of Texasfinancial powerhigh technologyManhattanNew York Stock ExchangeBroadwayUN headquartersthe Met MuseumGuggenheim MuseumTimes SquareEmpire State BuildingCentral Parkinternational financial servicesfinance, insurance, real estatebankingaccountancymarketingstock exchangeHeadquartersmultinational corporationscontainerdecision-making powerinnovationdigitalglobal networksservices sectorinformation sectorresearchinfrastructurethink tankLoughborough UniversityLeicestershirePeter J. TaylorRichard G. SmithBeijingHong KongShanghaiSingaporeSydneyForeign PolicyA.T. KearneyChicago Council on Global AffairsWitold Rybczynskihuman capitalLos AngelesChicagoquality of lifegovernanceSan JoseSeattleSan FranciscoMelbourneZurichlivabilityAmsterdamBerlinMadridBarcelonaGlobal Financial Centres Indexfinancial centerChina Development InstituteGenevaEstate agentKnight Frank LLPCiti Private Bankhigh-net-worth individualspolitical powerTorontoCaput MundiCity quality of life indicesFinancial centreList of cities by GDPMegalopolisMetropolisPrimate cityRanally city rating systemJournal of the Royal Society InterfacePrinceton University PressWayback MachineAshgate PublishingUniversity of UtahCitiesUrban geographyUrban areaCity centreDowntownSuburbCore cityTwin citiesSatellite cityEdge cityCommuter townCity properlimitsConurbationMetropolitan areaCities with the most skyscrapersUrbanizationSuburbanization