Fire departments are most commonly a public sector organization that operate within a municipality, county, state, nation, or special district.Most places are covered by a public sector fire department, which is established by a local or national government and funded by taxation.Poland, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, New Zealand, and the Philippines have national fire and rescue services.In some countries or regions (e.g., the United States, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, Macau), fire departments can be responsible for providing emergency medical services.The EMS personnel may either be cross-trained as firefighters or a separate division of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics.[3] These men fought fires using bucket chains and also patrolled the streets with the authority to impose corporal punishment upon those who violated fire-prevention codes.