Expression-oriented programming language

[1] The typical exceptions are macro definitions, preprocessor commands, and declarations, which expression-oriented languages often treat as statements.[3] Critics, including language designers,[4][failed verification] blame expression-orientation for an entire class of programming mistakes wherein a programmer accidentally codes an assignment expression, which replaces a variable with an expression rather than testing it for equality with that expression.The designers of Ada and Java prevent this type of mistake by restricting control expressions to those that evaluate strictly to the boolean data type.[5][6] The designers of Python implemented assignment as a statement rather than an expression, thus prohibiting assignment from nesting inside any other statement or expression.[8]) In some expression-oriented languages, expressions that merely cause side effects return void types.
programming languageexpressionpreprocessordeclarationsstatementsALGOL 68Pascalfunctional programming languagesprogramming mistakesassignmentequalitycontrol expressionsboolean data typePythonside effectsvoid typesElixirErlangHaskellSmalltalkKotlinCommand–query separationFunctional programmingProgramming paradigmsComparison by languageImperativeStructuredJackson structuresBlock-structuredModularNon-structuredProceduralProgramming in the large and in the smallDesign by contractInvariant-basedNested functionObject-orientedcomparisonClass-basedPrototype-basedObject-basedImmutable objectPersistentUniform Function Call SyntaxDeclarativeFunctionalRecursiveAnonymous functionPartial applicationHigher-orderPurely functionalStrictDependent typesFunctional logicPoint-free styleApplicativeConcatenativeFunction-levelValue-levelDataflowFlow-basedReactiveFunctional reactiveSignalsStreamsSynchronousAbductive logicAnswer setConstraintConstraint logicInductive logicNondeterministicOntologyProbabilistic logicAlgebraic modelingAutomata-basedActionCommandSpacecraftDifferentiableEnd-userGrammar-orientedInterface descriptionLanguage-orientedList comprehensionLow-codeModelingNatural languageNon-English-basedPage descriptionfiltersProbabilisticQuantumScientificScriptingSet-theoreticSimulationStack-basedSystemTactileTemplatingTransformationGraph rewritingProductionPatternVisualConcurrentdistributedparallelActor-basedAutomatic mutual exclusionChoreographic programmingConcurrent logicConcurrent constraint logicConcurrent OOMacroprogrammingMultitier programmingOrganic computingParallel programming modelsPartitioned global address spaceProcess-orientedRelativistic programmingService-orientedStructured concurrencyMetaprogrammingAttribute-orientedAutomaticInductiveDynamicExtensibleGenericHomoiconicityInteractiveHygienicMetalinguistic abstractionMulti-stageProgram synthesisBayesianInferentialby demonstrationby exampleReflectiveSelf-modifying codeSymbolicTemplateSeparationof concernsAspectsComponentsData-drivenData-orientedEvent-drivenFeaturesIntentionalLiterateSubjects