Environmental movement in South Africa
The environmental movement in South Africa traces its history from the beginnings of conservation and preservation groups in the late 19th century, to the rise of radicalism amongst local ecologists and activists.The early environmental movement in South Africa was primarily made up of conservation groups whose membership was dominated by affluent whites.[1] Many of these groups advocated for forms of fortress conservation that were used to justify forcibly removing Black South Africans from their land.[6] These new mines employed a primarily Black workforce, shifting the Native population from relying on subsidence agriculture for their livelihoods to becoming dependent on wage labor.Sulfuric acid from mines also leads to pollution of surrounding groundwater, which for many communities is an important drinking water source.The issue is connected to debates surrounding climate change and the country's transition to renewable energy since the majority of the nation's electricity currently comes from coal fire power plants.[3] However significant problems remain with the water system including broken or failing infrastructure, a lack of upkeep, and corruption in municipal governments.After the end of apartheid, many radical environmentalists were absorbed into the governing African National Congress (ANC), while some chose to continue pursuing activism or advocacy through non-governmental organizations.[2] Lack of transparency and public participation in government decision making remain a source of conflict between environmental organizations and political officials.
Earthlife AfricaCape Town Ecology GroupKoeberg AlertEThekwini ECOPEACEEndangered Wildlife TrustDolphin Action and Protection GroupSouth African National Conference on Environment and DevelopmentWorld Summit on Sustainable Developmentenvironmental movementSouth Africafortress conservationchromemanganeseplatinumvanadiumvermiculiteilmenitepalladiumrutilezirconiumSouth African energy crisisThabo MbekiSouth AfricanNorth West Provinceenvironmentalanti-nuclearJohannesburgGreenpeace Internationalapartheidenvironmental justiceFriends of the EarthAfrican National CongressNelson MandelaECOPEACESouth African Environmental LawSouth Africa's ConstitutionJohannesburg declarationCape ColonyUnion of South AfricaWildlife Society of South AfricaKruger National ParkNational PartyCongress of the People (1955)Freedom CharterKagenna MagazineFood and Allied Workers UnionFirst National Conference on Environment and DevelopmentMagnus MalanDurbanGlobal Day of ActionMarthinus van SchalkwykMinister of Environmental Affairs and TourismWayback MachineExtinction Rebellioncoal in South AfricaFederation of Green Parties of AfricaAnti-nuclear movementEnvironmental issues in Southern AfricaGeography of South AfricaClimate change in South AfricaEnvironmental racismSquare Kilometre ArrayBibcodePolitics of South AfricaEastern CapeLimpopoMpumalangaNorthern CapeWestern CapeAfrican nationalismAfrikaner nationalismAnarchismAnti-warBlack consciousnessFederalismFeminismLiberalismLibertarianismPan-AfricanismNon-racialismTrotskyismPolitical partiespoliticalorganisationsAfriForumAfrikanerbondAfrikaner WeerstandsbewegingCongress of Traditional Leaders of South AfricaCongress of South African StudentsKeep LeftKhanya CollegeLesbian and Gay Equality ProjectPeople Against Gangsterism and DrugsSouth African Liberal Students' AssociationSouth African Students CongressSouth African Wine InitiativeZabalaza Anarchist Communist FrontTrade unionsSocial movementsEqual EducationMandela Park BackyardersPeople Against Suffering, Oppression and PovertyPoor People's AllianceAbahlali baseMjondoloLandless Peoples MovementWestern Cape Anti-Eviction CampaignReclaim the CitySocial Justice CoalitionTreatment Action CampaignUnemployed Peoples' MovementAfrican RenaissanceAlternative mediaCorruption(Don't) touch me on my studioProudly South AfricanRainbow nationRenamingTenderpreneursToyi-toyiUbuntuUnFreedom DayWhite monopoly capitalUngovernabilityXenophobiaAnti-Chinese sentimentAnti-Indian sentimentAmandla Ngawethu!