Elsevier
[16] The weekly was a continuation, as is stated in its first issue, of the monthly Elsevier, which was founded in 1891 to promote the name of the publishing house and had to stop publication in December 1940 because of the German occupation of the Netherlands.[citation needed] In May 1939 Klautz established the Elsevier Publishing Company Ltd. in London to distribute these academic titles in the British Commonwealth (except Canada).[19] In 1978 Elsevier merged with Dutch newspaper publisher NDU, and devised a strategy to broadcast textual news to people's television sets through Viewdata and Teletext technology.[20] In 1979 Elsevier Science Publishers launched the Article Delivery Over Network Information System (ADONIS) project in conjunction with four business partners.[29] The New Yorker described Elsevier's reasons for buying Mendeley as two-fold: to acquire its user data, and to "destroy or coöpt an open-science icon that threatens its business model".[6] Editors are generally unpaid volunteers who perform their duties alongside a full-time job in academic institutions,[31] although exceptions have been reported.In 2013, the five editorial groups Elsevier, Springer, Wiley-Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, and SAGE Publications published more than half of all academic papers in the peer-reviewed literature.[43] Products and services include electronic and print versions of journals, textbooks and reference works, and cover the health, life, physical, and social sciences.Flagship products and services include VirtualE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scirus, EMBASE, Engineering Village, Compendex, Cell, Knovel, SciVal, Pure, and Analytical Services, The Consult series (FirstCONSULT, PathCONSULT, NursingCONSULT, MDConsult, StudentCONSULT), Virtual Clinical Excursions, and major reference works such as Gray's Anatomy, Nelson Pediatrics, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, and online versions of many journals[44] including The Lancet.[46] The company has been criticized not only by advocates of a switch to the open-access publication model, but also by universities whose library budgets make it difficult for them to afford current journal prices.Elsevier has incorporated other businesses that were either complementing or competing in the field of research and publishing and that reinforce its market power,[54] such as Mendeley (after the closure of 2collab), SSRN,[55] bepress/Digital Commons, PlumX, Hivebench, Newsflo, Science-Metrix,[56] and Interfolio.[58] According to the BBC, in 2009, the firm [Elsevier] offered a £17.25 Amazon voucher to academics who contributed to the textbook Clinical Psychology if they would go on Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble (a large US books retailer) and give it five stars.Elsevier responded by stating "Encouraging interested parties to post book reviews isn't outside the norm in scholarly publishing, nor is it wrong to offer to nominally compensate people for their time.In addition it markets data services and research portals directly to the fossil fuel industry to help "increase the odds of exploration success".[64] In 2013, one of Elsevier's journals was caught in the sting set up by John Bohannon, published in Science, called "Who's Afraid of Peer Review?[73] The Scientist reported that, according to an Elsevier spokesperson, six sponsored publications "were put out by their Australia office and bore the Excerpta Medica imprint from 2000 to 2005", namely the Australasian Journal of Bone and Joint Medicine (Australas.[76] There was speculation[77] that the editor-in-chief of Elsevier journal Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Mohamed El Naschie, misused his power to publish his own work without appropriate peer review.[83] The suit came to trial in November 2011 and was dismissed in July 2012, with the judge ruling that the article was "substantially true", contained "honest comment", and was "the product of responsible journalism".[84] Judge Victoria Sharp also found "reasonable and serious grounds" for suspecting that El Naschie used a range of false names to defend his editorial practice in communications with Nature, and described this behavior as "curious" and "bizarre".[95] According to the signatories of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (see also Goodhart's law), commercial academic publishers benefit from manipulation of bibliometrics and scientometrics, such as the journal impact factor.[130] Although the Cost of Knowledge movement was not mentioned, the statement indicated the hope that the move would "help create a less heated and more productive climate" for ongoing discussions with research funders.The information was revealed after successful court appeal following a denied request on the subscription fees, due to confidentiality clauses in contracts with the publishers.[135] Establishing of this fact lead to creation of tiedonhinta.fi petition demanding more reasonable pricing and open access to content signed by more than 2800 members of the research community.[157] In 2018, whilst negotiations were ongoing, around 200 German universities that cancelled their subscriptions to Elsevier journals were granted complimentary open access to them until this ended in July of the year.[164][165] Elsevier executive Mark Seeley expressed regret on behalf of the company, but did not announce an intention to challenge this interpretation of the law.Astrid Söderbergh Widding, chairman of the Bibsam Consortium, said, "the current system for scholarly communication must change and our only option is to cancel deals when they don't meet our demands for a sustainable transition to open access".[187] In April 2020, the University of North Carolina elected not to renew its bundled Elsevier package, citing a failure "to provide an affordable path".[188] Rather than extend the license, which was stated to cost $2.6 million annually, the university decided to continue subscribing to a smaller set of individual journals.[224][225][226] Months after its acquisition of Academia.edu rival Mendeley, Elsevier sent thousands of takedown notices to Academia.edu, a practice that has since ceased following widespread complaint by academics, according to Academia.edu founder and chief executive Richard Price.In the context of the resignation of the Journal of Informetrics' editorial board, the firm stated: "Elsevier invests significantly in citation extraction technology.
Elsevier (disambiguation)SubsidiaryAmsterdamOperating incomeNet incomeParentacademic publishingThe LancetScienceDirectelectronic journalsTrendsCurrent OpinionScopusdata managementRELX Groupe-bookscopyright practicesoperating marginrent-seekingpreprintshadow librariesElzevirNetherlandsLodewijk ElzevirLeidenprinter's markElsevierGerman occupation of the NetherlandsBritish CommonwealthNazis occupied the NetherlandsNew YorkBiochimica et Biophysica ActaExcerpta MedicaViewdataTeletextWeb of ScienceGoogle ScholarMendeleypaywallThe New Yorkeropen-sciencebusiness modelresearch papersSpringerWiley-BlackwellTaylor & FrancisSAGE Publicationsgender pay gapoperating profitsreference workshealthsocial sciencespharmaceutical companiesScirusEMBASECompendexGray's AnatomyDorland's Illustrated Medical DictionaryNetteropen accesshybrid open accessopen-accessStanford UniversityUniversity of CaliforniaHarvard UniversityDuke UniversityAssociation of Universities in the NetherlandsAmerican Economic AssociationAmerican Economic Journalmergers and acquisitionsmarket power2collabbepressDigital CommonsInterfolioAmazon.comBarnes & Nobletext and data miningoutput of automated processestext miningfossil fuelsWho's Afraid of Peer Review?John BohannonScienceAustralasian Journal of Bone & Joint MedicineMerck & Co.Australasian Journal of Bone and Joint Medicineacademic journalghost writtenThe ScientistMohamed El NaschieNatureVictoria SharpProcediaAngela SainiIntelligencePersonality and Individual Differencesscientific racismRichard LynnGerhard MeisenbergInternational Society for Intelligence ResearchLondon Conference on IntelligenceRetraction WatchJ. Philippe RushtonDonald TemplerSan Francisco Declaration on Research AssessmentGoodhart's lawbibliometricsscientometricsjournal impact factorprestigeself-citationJournal Citation ReportsJournal of Logic ProgrammingCambridge University PressJournal of Logic and Algebraic ProgrammingEuropean Economic AssociationEuropean Economic ReviewJournal of the European Economic AssociationACM Transactions on AlgorithmsDonald KnuthJournal of Mechanics of Materials and Structuresmathematical journalTopologyJournal of TopologyLondon Mathematical Society