Dysphoria

Dysphoria (from Ancient Greek δύσφορος (dúsphoros) 'grievous'; from δυσ- (dus-) 'bad, difficult' and φέρω (phérō) 'to bear') is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction.In a psychiatric context, dysphoria may accompany depression, anxiety, or agitation.[1] Intense states of distress and unease increase the risk of suicide, as well as being unpleasant in themselves.[citation needed] The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) defines dysphoria as "an unpleasant mood state, which can include feelings of depression, anxiety, discontent, irritability, and unhappiness.The following conditions may include dysphoria as a symptom: Some drugs can produce dysphoria, including κ-opioid receptor agonists like salvinorin A (the active constituent of the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum), butorphanol and pentazocine,[8] μ-opioid receptor antagonists such as naltrexone and nalmefene,[9] and antipsychotics like haloperidol and chlorpromazine (via blockade of dopamine receptors),[10] among others.
Dysphoria (moth)Dys4iaDysmorphiaDiasporaAncient Greeksemantic oppositeeuphoriadepressionanxietysuicidedysthymiamajor depressive disorderbipolar disorder 11th revisionInternational Classification of Diseasesbody integrity dysphorianationalismGender dysphoriaprimarysecondary sex characteristicssex assigned at birthDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisorderscyclothymiaBorderline personality disorderPremenstrual syndromePremenstrual dysphoric disorderDysphoric milk ejection reflexStressAdjustment disorderAnxiety disorderspost-traumatic stress disorderruminationDissociative disordersdissociative identity disorderdissociative amnesiadepersonalization-derealization disorderAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderMixed anxiety-depressive disorderPersonality disordersdependent personality disorderhistrionic personality disorderantisocial personality disorderwithdrawalBody dysmorphic disorderAkathisiaSchizophreniaSexual dysfunctionInsomniaChronic painDiseaseκ-opioid receptoragonistssalvinorin AhallucinogenicSalvia divinorumbutorphanolpentazocineμ-opioid receptorantagonistsnaltrexonenalmefeneantipsychoticshaloperidolchlorpromazinedopamine receptorsDepressogenicanxiogenicAgainst Me!Transgender Dysphoria BluesLaura Jane GraceShane NeilsonMood disorderSpectrumBipolar IBipolar IIBipolar NOSChildhoodHypomaniaMixed affective stateRapid cyclingSeasonal affective disorderAtypical depressionMelancholic depressionMajor depressive episodeDepression in childhood and adolescenceSchizoaffective disorderSymptomsDelusionDepression (differential diagnoses)Emotional dysregulationAnhedoniaSuicidal ideationEpisodic memoryHallucinationMood swingSleep disorderHypersomniaPsychosisPsychotic depressionRacing thoughtsReduced affect displayDiagnosisBipolar Spectrum Diagnostic ScaleChild Mania Rating ScaleGeneral Behavior InventoryHypomania ChecklistMood Disorder QuestionnaireRating scales for depressionYoung Mania Rating ScaleTreatmentAnticonvulsantsCarbamazepineLamotrigineOxcarbazepineValproateSodium valproateValproate semisodiumSympathomimeticsBupropionDextroamphetamineEscitalopramFluoxetineMethylphenidateSertralinemood stabilizersAtypical antipsychoticsLithiumLithium carbonateLithium citrateLithium sulfateLithium toxicityClinical psychologyCognitive behavioral therapyDialectical behavior therapyElectroconvulsive therapyInvoluntary commitmentLight therapyPsychotherapyTranscranial magnetic stimulationHistoryEmil KraepelinFrederick K. GoodwinJohn CadeKarl LeonhardKay Redfield JamisonMogens Schou