Birtoxin
Birtoxin is a neurotoxin from the venom of the South African Spitting scorpion (Parabuthus transvaalicus).By changing sodium channel activation, the toxin promotes spontaneous and repetitive firing much like pyrethroid insecticides do Birtoxin was isolated from the venom of the South African Spitting scorpion.Due to the change in the activation the sodium channel will open at smaller depolarisations.This causes increased excitability, which leads to symptoms such as convulsions, continuous urination, tremors and tachypnea (faster breathing).An injection of 1 μg of birtoxin resulted in severe neurotoxic effects for 24 hours, but this dose is not lethal to mice.
NeurotoxinParabuthus transvaalicusvoltage-gated sodium channeltachypneaconvulsionstremorsSouth African Spitting scorpionsodium channelpyrethroidpeptidedortoxinbestoxinaltitoxincysteinedisulfideneurotoxicantibodyN-terminusenvenomationAndroctonus australisToxin ReviewsBibcodeToxinscardiotoxincytotoxinenterotoxinhemotoxinhepatotoxinphototoxinBacterial toxinsExotoxinGram positiveBacilliClostridiumtetaniTetanospasminTetanolysinperfringensAlpha toxindifficilebotulinumAnthrax toxinListeriolysin OStreptolysinLeukocidinPanton–Valentine leukocidinStaphylococcusStaphylococcus aureus alphaExfoliatinToxic shock syndrome toxinStaphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)ActinomycetotaCord factorDiphtheria toxinGram negativeShiga toxinE. coli heat-stable enterotoxinCholera toxinHeat-labile enterotoxinPertussis toxinPseudomonas exotoxinExtracellular adenylate cyclaseSuperantigenPore-forming toxinAB toxinEndotoxinLipopolysaccharideLipid ABacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxinCry1AcCry3Bb1Cry6AaCry34Ab1Virulence factorClumping factor AFibronectin binding protein AMycotoxinsAflatoxinAmatoxinalpha-amanitinbeta-amanitingamma-amanitinepsilon-amanitinbeta-Nitropropionic acidCitrininCytochalasinErgotamineFumonisinFumonisin B1Fumonisin B2Fumonisin B4GliotoxinIbotenic acidLolitrem BMuscimolOrellanineOchratoxinPatulinPhalloidinSterigmatocystinTrichotheceneVomitoxinZeranolZearalenoneAmygdalinAnisatinAntiarinBrucineChaconineCicutoxinConiineDaphninDelphinineDivicineDjenkolic acidFalcarinolGossypolHelenalinLinamarinLotaustralinMimosineOenanthotoxinOleandrinPersinProtoanemoninPseudaconitine