Amanita hygroscopica
The ring is fixed 10 mm (3⁄8 in) from the top of the stem, very short, skirt-like, grooved by the gills above, white, persistent.The principal toxic constituent is α-Amanitin, an elective inhibitor of RNA polymerase II and III, which causes liver and kidney failure.15% of those poisoned will die within 10 days and those who survive are at risk of lifelong, permanent liver damage.[3] There is no antidote for amanitin poisoning; treatment is mainly supportive (gastric lavage, activated carbon, and fluid resuscitation).Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these mushrooms, are thermostable: they resist changes due to heat, so their toxic effects are not reduced by cooking.