2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
The first earthquake, registering magnitude 6.1, struck in the Emilia-Romagna region, about 36 kilometres (22 miles) north of the city of Bologna, on 20 May at 04:03 local time (02:03 UTC).Information from hydrocarbon exploration demonstrates that the area is underlain by a series of active thrust faults and related folds, some of which have been detected from anomalous drainage patterns.[23] Half of a clock tower in Finale Emilia dating from the 13th century (known as the torre dei modenesi) fell down in the mainshock and the remaining part collapsed completely during an aftershock later that day.[24] Production of Grana Padano and Parmigiano-Reggiano hard cheeses was badly affected; approximately 300,000 wheels, with an estimated value of €200 million, were destroyed.Stefano Gresta, president of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, deemed it "unacceptable that modern constructions such as warehouses and industrial sheds have collapsed in an earthquake which was strong, but not exceptional".[26] The area was not included in seismic hazard maps until 2003, when, after a reassessment, it was classified as "medium risk", with a 10% likelihood of such an earthquake in the next 450 years.[30] An aftershock on the 3 June was felt throughout Northern Italy and caused the collapse of the 18th century clock tower in Novi di Modena, already imperilled by the earthquake of recent days.[31] The earthquake damage in Emilia "could exceed 4 billion" according to the vice-president of Confindustria Emilia-Romagna, Gaetano Maccaferri, who released these figures in testimony before the Senate Committee on Industry.
Emilia-RomagnaNorthern ItalyEmiliamagnitudeBolognalocal timeepicentreFinale EmiliaBondenoSermideaftershocksMedollaPo Plainforeland basinNorthern Apenninesfold and thrust belthydrocarbon explorationthrust faultsblind thrust faults1570 Ferrara earthquakechurch of Saint PaulMirabelloFerraraforeshockSant'AgostinoSwitzerlandfocal mechanismthrust faultinghypocentreMirandolaAosta provinceAustriaCroatiaTrentino Alto AdigeTrentoBolzanoCavezzoSan PossidonioRavennaRomagnaRiminiPesaroAnconaModenaCastello EstenseGrana PadanoParmigiano-Reggianowheelstown hallNational Institute of Geophysics and VolcanologySaint Martin of ToursReggio EmiliaRovigoMantuaducal palaceNovi di ModenaConfindustriaList of earthquakes in 2012List of earthquakes in ItalyEl PaísSwiss Seismological Service24 heuresBibcodeAgenzia Nazionale Stampa AssociataLa RepubblicaUNESCOBBC NewsEarthquakes in 2012Visayas, PhilippinesChiba, JapanGuerrero–Oaxaca, MexicoIndian OceanSumatraIndonesiaPernik, BulgariaBaghlan, AfghanistanGippsland, AustraliaNorth Island, New ZealandEast Azerbaijan, IranCentral Sulawesi, IndonesiaUsulután, El SalvadorSamar, PhilippinesNicoya Peninsula, Costa RicaYunnan, ChinaHaida Gwaii, CanadaGuatemalaShwebo, MyanmarZohan, IranKamaishi, JapanEarthquakes in Italy62 Pompeii1117 Verona1169 Sicily1222 Brescia1343 Naples1348 Friuli1456 Central Italy1570 Ferrara1626 Girifalco1627 Gargano1638 Calabrian1639 Amatrice1659 Calabria1688 Sannio1693 Sicily1694 Irpinia–Basilicata1703 Apennine1706 Abruzzo1732 Irpinia1743 Salento1783 Calabrian1805 Molise1857 Basilicata1873 Alpago1883 Casamicciola1887 Liguria1905 Calabria1907 Calabria1908 Messina1915 Avezzano1916 Rimini1920 Garfagnana1930 Irpinia1930 Senigallia1936 Cansiglio1962 Irpinia