1905 Calabria earthquake
Striking southern Italy on 8 September, the 1905 Calabria earthquake had a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme).The first major earthquake of the 20th century, it severely damaged parts of Lipari, Messina Province and a large area between Cosenza and Nicotera and killed between 557 and 2,500 people.The initial result of the rollback was the formation of the Tyrrhenian Sea back-arc basin starting in the Miocene, continuing in to the Pleistocene.[12] It has also been suggested that the earthquake was a result of a normal fault rupture within the slab of African plate oceanic crust subducting beneath Calabria, at a depth of 35–55 km.[10] The submarine telegraph cable connecting the Aeolian Islands to Milazzo on Sicily was broken at a depth of 1180 m, presumably by a turbidity current caused by slope failure triggered by the earthquake.[15] Evidence of ground fissures and liquefaction was widespread and many streams and springs were changed in both flow rate and temperature, immediately after the earthquake.He noted that structures built on limestone, molasse, breccia and schist suffered the greatest damage, while those constructed on granite fared much better.In October 1906 the Prefect of Cantanzaro reported that many families remained homeless, while those in the shacks were affected by their poor quality, with both wind and rain being able to penetrate these structures.
1783 Calabrian earthquakes1638 Calabrian earthquakesMercalli intensityLipariMessina ProvinceCosenzaNicoteraSiculo-Calabrian riftCalabriaTyrrhenianIonian Seasslab rollbackoceanic crustAfrican platesubductsEurasian plateTyrrhenian Seaback-arc basinMiocenePleistocenePliocenenormal faultsStrait of MessinaSicilya sequence of four eventsfive earthquakes in 1783BasilicataIrpiniaSalernoCataniaAlbaniaIserniaPalermoMCS scaleforeshocksaftershocksSant'Eufemia GulfCapo Vaticanoseismic reflection dataMilazzoBriaticoTropeaScaleaAeolian Islandsturbidity currentCatanzaroProvince of Vibo ValentiaReggio CalabriaPargheliaStefanaconiMartiranoliquefactionmolassebrecciaschistCastiglione CosentinoList of earthquakes in 1905List of earthquakes in ItalyInternational Seismological CentreNational Geophysical Data CenterBibcodeUnited States Geological SurveyCaracasBlack SeaCheviotRichfieldShamakhiGuatemalaTurkestanAndijanKresnaCape TurnagainDouliuKangraTsetserlegBolnaiEcuador–ColombiaMeishanSan FranciscoSwanseaValparaísoAleutian IslandsXinjiangSumatraKingstonQaratogMessinaBorujerdBenaventeKerinciProvenceAnegawaWabash RiverEarthquakes in Italy62 Pompeii1117 Verona1169 Sicily1222 Brescia1343 Naples1348 Friuli1456 Central Italy1570 Ferrara1626 Girifalco1627 Gargano1638 Calabrian1639 Amatrice1659 Calabria1688 Sannio1693 Sicily1694 Irpinia–Basilicata1703 Apennine1706 Abruzzo1732 Irpinia1743 Salento1783 Calabrian1805 Molise1857 Basilicata1873 Alpago1883 Casamicciola1887 Liguria1907 Calabria1908 Messina1915 Avezzano1916 Rimini1920 Garfagnana1930 Irpinia