Évian Conference
The Évian Conference was convened 6–15 July 1938 at Évian-les-Bains, France, to address the problem of German and Austrian Jewish refugees wishing to flee persecution by Nazi Germany.Historians have suggested that Roosevelt desired to deflect attention and criticism from American policy that severely limited the quota of refugees admitted to the United States.[3] The conference was ultimately doomed, as aside from the Dominican Republic and later Costa Rica, delegations from the 32 participating nations failed to come to any agreement about accepting the Jewish refugees fleeing the Third Reich.By 1938, some 450,000 of about 900,000 German Jews were expelled or fled Germany, mostly to France and British Mandatory Palestine, where the large wave of migrants led to an Arab uprising.In 1936, Chaim Weizmann (who decided not to attend the conference)[8] declared that "the world seemed to be divided into two parts – those places where the Jews could not live and those where they could not enter.Noting "that the involuntary emigration of people in large numbers has become so great that it renders racial and religious problems more acute, increases international unrest, and may hinder seriously the processes of appeasement in international relations", the Évian Conference established the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (ICR) with the purpose to "approach the governments of the countries of refuge with a view to developing opportunities for permanent settlement."[13] The French delegate stated that France had reached "the extreme point of saturation as regards admission of refugees", a sentiment repeated by most other representatives.In November 1938, on Kristallnacht, a massive pogrom across the Third Reich was accompanied by the destruction of over 1,000 synagogues, massacres and the mass arrests of tens of thousands of Jews.'"[24]The international press was represented by about two hundred journalists, chiefly the League of Nations correspondents of the leading daily and weekly newspapers and news agencies.
Myron TaylorÉvian-les-BainsJewish refugeesNazi GermanyFranklin D. RooseveltGolda MeirBritish Mandatory PalestineSoviet UnionDominican RepublicCosta RicaAdolf HitlerNuremberg LawsGerman JewsArab uprisingannexed AustriaantisemitismfascismHungaryRomaniasecond-class citizensracial hygieneeugenicsChaim WeizmannMandate for PalestineappeasementIntergovernmental Committee on RefugeesMyron C. TaylorJames G. McDonaldRafael TrujilloSosúaAmerican Jewish CommitteeMorris D. WaldmanSamuel RosenmanJewish Telegraphic AgencyJonah WiseYoav GelberEdward Turnour"Final Solution to the Jewish Question"right to occupySudetenlandCzechoslovakiaKristallnachtpogromThird Reichmass arrests of tens of thousands of JewsWhite Paperoccupation of Polandinvasion of Soviet UnionPalestineWalter MondaleLeague of NationsThomas W. WhiteAlfred Thorpe StirlingAustralia HouseRobert de FoyBelgian State Security ServiceJ. SchneiderMinistry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign TradeSimón Iturri PatiñoMinisterAdolfo Costa du RelsBrazilian Academy of LettersHumphrey Hume WrongInternational Labour OrganizationEnvoy Extraordinary and Minister PlenipotentiaryChargé d'AffairesGustav RasmussenMinistry of Foreign AffairsRafael Leónidas TrujilloHenry BérengerAttachéMinistry of JusticeMinistry of Industry and CommerceManuel Tello BarraudMinistry of Social WelfareNew Zealand High Commissioner's OfficeNansen International Office for RefugeesNobel Peace PrizeCarl PlatouFinn MoeFrancisco García Calderón ReyGösta EngzellMinistry for Foreign AffairsMagnus HallenborgNational Board of Health and WelfareFederal Department of Justice and PoliceEdward Turnour, 6th Earl WintertonChancellor of the Duchy of LancasterSir Michael PalairetMinister PlenipotentiaryColonial OfficeHome OfficeVictor CazaletMyron Charles TaylorJames Grover McDonaldState DepartmentAlfredo Carbonell DebaliSir Neill MalcolmFrederick Ponsonby, Viscount DuncannonKenan ErimJános BékessyMiklós HorthyAgudas Israel World OrganizationAlliance Israélite UniverselleAmerican Joint Distribution CommitteeCouncil for German JewryFreelandSociety of FriendsJewish Agency for PalestineBoard of Deputies of British JewsAnglo-Jewish AssociationLeague of Nations UnionNew Zionist OrganizationRoyal Institute of International AffairsWorld Jewish CongressBermuda ConferenceBritish Mandate of PalestineKimberley PlanWhite Paper of 1939SS NavemarSS St. LouisThe HolocaustInternational response to the HolocaustRibbentropHouse of HanoverHouse of Windsor