Sudoku
[6] In newspapers outside of Japan, it first appeared in The Conway Daily Sun (New Hampshire) in September 2004, and then The Times (London) in November 2004, both of which were thanks to the efforts of the Hong Kong judge Wayne Gould, who devised a computer program to rapidly produce unique puzzles.On July 6, 1895, Le Siècle's rival, La France, refined the puzzle so that it was almost a modern Sudoku and named it carré magique diabolique ('diabolical magic square').It simplified the 9×9 magic square puzzle so that each row, column, and broken diagonals contained only the numbers 1–9, but did not mark the subsquares.[8] These weekly puzzles were a feature of French newspapers such as L'Écho de Paris for about a decade, but disappeared about the time of World War I.The puzzle was introduced in Japan by Maki Kaji (鍜治 真起, Kaji Maki), president of the Nikoli puzzle company, in the paper Monthly Nikolist in April 1984[10] as Sūji wa dokushin ni kagiru (数字は独身に限る), which can be translated as "the digits must be single", or as "the digits are limited to one occurrence" (In Japanese, dokushin means an "unmarried person").The name was later abbreviated to Sudoku (数独), taking only the first kanji of compound words to form a shorter version.[10] "Sudoku" is a registered trademark in Japan[11] and the puzzle is generally referred to as Number Place (ナンバープレース, Nanbāpurēsu) or, more informally, a shortening of the two words, Num(ber) Pla(ce) (ナンプレ, Nanpure).Knowing that British newspapers have a long history of publishing crosswords and other puzzles, he promoted Sudoku to The Times in Britain, which launched it on November 12, 2004 (calling it Su Doku).The first letter to The Times regarding Su Doku was published the following day on November 13 from Ian Payn of Brentford, complaining that the puzzle had caused him to miss his stop on the tube.On August 2, the BBC's program guide Radio Times featured a weekly Super Sudoku with a 16×16 grid.In June 2008, an Australian drugs-related jury trial costing over A$ 1 million was aborted when it was discovered that four or five of the twelve jurors had been playing Sudoku instead of listening to the evidence.A similar form, for younger solvers of puzzles, called "The Junior Sudoku", has appeared in some newspapers, such as some editions of The Daily Mail.Another common variant is to add limits on the placement of numbers beyond the usual row, column, and box requirements.Often, the limit takes the form of an extra "dimension"; the most common is to require the numbers in the main diagonals of the grid to also be unique.A completed Sudoku grid is a special type of Latin square with the additional property of no repeated values in any of the nine blocks (or boxes of 3×3 cells).
SodokuJapaneseromanizedlogic-basedcombinatorialpuzzlewell-posedpuzzle booksDell MagazinesNikoliThe Conway Daily SunThe TimesWayne Gouldcomputer programmagic squaresLe SiècleLa Francebroken diagonalsL'Écho de ParisWorld War IHoward GarnsConnersville, IndianaMaki Kajirotationally symmetric cellsAsahi ShimbuncrosswordsBrentfordChannel 4teletextRadio TimesSky Onepuzzle contestCarol VordermanWinchelsea, EnglandCheshireSUDO-Qgame showSM City BaliuagWorld Sudoku ChampionshipCOVID-19 pandemicMP3 fileHerald SunMelbourne, AustraliaNintendo DSPlayStation PortableGame Boy AdvanceXbox Live ArcadeiPhoneApple Inc.App StoreiTunes Storesoftware developersweb browsernonominojigsawThe Sunday TelegraphpentominoWorld Puzzle ChampionshipheptominoUSA TodayThe Daily MailKiller sudokukakuroquincunxThe AgeThe Sydney Morning HeraldThe Baltimore SunToronto StarSet gameThe Daily TelegraphRubik's CubeSudoku CubeGlossary of SudokuMathematics of SudokuLatin squareNP-completeSudoku solving algorithmsbrute forcedancing linkscombinatorial explosiongraph coloringsymmetries36 CubeBlendokuConstraint satisfaction problemCracking the CrypticFutoshikiHashiwokakeroHidatoKenKenList of Nikoli puzzle typesNonogramStr8tsThe Christian Science MonitorThe Mathematical Association of AmericaThe New York TimesThe IndependentThe Wall Street JournalThe Herald SunThe Mathematical GazetteRoyle, GordonSloane, N. J. A.On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer SequencesBibcodeScientific American