Winter Paralympic Games
The Winter Paralympic Games is an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete in snow and ice sports.Medals are awarded in each event: with gold for first place, silver for second, and bronze for third, following the tradition that the Olympic Games began in 1904.Injured soldiers returning from World War II sought sports as an avenue to healing.[2] Sepp Zwicknagl, a pioneer of snow sports for disabled athletes, was a double-leg amputee Austrian skier who experimented skiing using prosthetics.His work helped pioneer technological advances for people with disabilities who wished to participate in winter sports.[10] On 7 August 2016, the IPC's Governing Board voted unanimously to ban the entire Russian team from the 2016 Summer Paralympics, citing the Russian Paralympic Committee's inability to enforce the IPC's Anti-Doping Code and the World Anti-Doping Code which is "a fundamental constitutional requirement".[10] IPC President Sir Philip Craven stated that the Russian government had "catastrophically failed its Para athletes".The closest equivalents in non-disabled competitions are age classifications in junior sports, and weight divisions in wrestling, boxing, and weightlifting.Alpine skiing accommodates athletes with the following physical limitations: spinal injury, Cerebral Palsy, amputation, Les Autres and blindness/visual impairment.The divisions are determined in a similar fashion to alpine skiing with attention given to the athletes' level of function and need for assistive devices.The events were held in a time trial format, but no accommodation was made based on an athlete's level of impairment.The snowboard cross event was run in a head-to-head format with multiple knockout heats to determine the medal winners.
Yanqing2022 Winter ParalympicsSportsAlpine skiingBiathlonCross‑country skiingIce sledge hockeyPara snowboardWheelchair curlingParalympic GamesCharterHost citiesMedal tablesMedalistsSymbolsSummer ParalympicsAsian Para GamesAfrican Para GamesEuropean Para ChampionshipsParapan American Gamesmulti-sport eventathletes with physical disabilitiessnow and ice sportsmobility impairmentsamputationsblindnesscerebral palsyWinter Olympic GamesInternational Paralympic CommitteeOlympic GamesÖrnsköldsvikSummer Paralympic Gamesclassification systemLudwig Guttmann1960 Summer Olympics1960 Paralympic GamesSwedentechnological advancesSummer Olympic GamesInternational Olympic Committee1992 Winter ParalympicsWinter OlympicsCheating at the Paralympic Gamesautonomic dysreflexiacross-country skiingDisappearing Positive Methodology2014 Winter Paralympics2016 Summer Paralympicspartial or total lossbrain damagetraumatic brain injurystrokebalancecoordinationimpairment in intellectual functioningspinal cord injurieswheelchairvision impairmentlegally blinddwarfismmultiple sclerosiscongenitaldeformitiesthalidomideFrenchAndy Soule2010 Winter OlympicsAlpine skiing2010 Winter ParalympicsIce Sledge HockeyWheelchair curlingsnowboard crosstime trial2018 Winter Paralympicsbanked slalomBrenna HuckabyParalympic sportsIce sledge racingPara alpine skiingPara biathlonPara cross-country skiingPara ice hockeyAll-time Paralympic Games medal tableNorwayUnited StatesAustriaGermanyRussiaFinlandFranceCanadaSwitzerlandWest GermanyUkraineSlovakiaNew ZealandAustralia2002, 20341984,1988Carl XVI Gustaf of SwedenOlav V of NorwayInnsbruckRudolf KirchschlägerKurt WaldheimTignesAlbertvilleFrançois MitterrandLillehammerQueen Sonja of NorwayNaganoCrown Prince NaruhitoSalt Lake CityGeorge W. BushCarlo Azeglio CiampiVancouverWhistlerMichaëlle JeanVladimir PutinPyeongchangSouth KoreaMoon Jae-inBeijingXi JinpingCortina d'AmpezzoFrench AlpsBBC Sport