William Temple (bishop)
Temple was admired and respected for his scholarly writing, his inspirational teaching and preaching, for his constant concern for those in need or under persecution, and for his willingness to stand up on their behalf to governments at home and abroad.[3] Temple learned to search for a synthesis in apparently conflicting theories or ideals, and later wrote of "my habitual tendency to discover that everybody is quite right – but I was brought up by Caird and I can never get out of that habit".[2] While an undergraduate Temple developed a deep concern for social problems, involving himself in the work of the Oxford and Bermondsey Mission, which brought material and spiritual help to the poor of the East End of London.[6] After taking his degree in 1904 Temple received numerous job offers – one biographer says as many as 30[5] – and he opted for a fellowship at Queen's College, Oxford, where he went into residence as fellow and lecturer in philosophy in October 1904, remaining there until 1910.[3] His tutorial duties were light, and he had leisure to visit mainland Europe and meet philosophers and theologians such as Rudolf Christoph Eucken, Hans Hinrich Wendt, Adolf von Harnack and Georg Simmel.Paget declined, expressing regret that he could not ordain anyone with such theological views as those of Temple, who was hesitant about accepting the literal truth of the Virgin birth or the bodily resurrection of Christ.After further study, and guidance from the Oxford theologians Henry Scott Holland and Burnett Hillman Streeter, Temple felt ready to try again and in March 1908 he obtained an interview with his father's successor as Archbishop of Canterbury, Randall Davidson.[7] The Saturday Review enjoyed the book's "vigorous and exuberant healthiness" and predicted, "Matured experience will enable the author to give the world some remarkable work".[5] He was more successful with the Life and Liberty Movement, a campaign for a measure of independence for the Church of England, which was at that time wholly under the control of Parliament for its laws and rules.[16] In 1926, after the BBC vetoed Davidson's proposed broadcast to help mediate in the General Strike, Temple took a leading part with other bishops in trying to bridge the gulf between the miners and coal owners.[16] He pursued a policy of inclusiveness among Christians, and invited several nonconformist ministers to preach in the Manchester diocese, which prompted the anti-ecumenical Bishop Weston of Zanzibar to withdraw in protest from the Lambeth Conference.[3] While Archbishop of York, in addition to his pastoral work Temple wrote what Hastings regards as his three most enduringly important books: Nature, Man and God (1934), Readings in St John's Gospel (1939 and 1940), and Christianity and Social Order (1942).His biographer Frederic Iremonger cites Lang's strong recommendation together with Temple's "reputation at home, in the Anglican communion overseas, and in the continental Churches; his prophetic leadership; his wide and massive knowledge … his immense powers of concentration; the personal devotion of his life".[5] The Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, who was responsible for nominating the new archbishop, was well aware of Temple's political views, but accepted that he was the outstanding candidate: "the only half a crown article in the sixpenny bazaar".[26] He drew criticism in 1944 from his numerous Quaker connections for writing an introduction to Stephen Hobhouse's book Christ and our Enemies that did not condemn the Allied carpet bombing of Germany; he said that he was "not only non-pacifist but anti-pacifist"."[19] President Roosevelt wrote to George VI on Temple's death expressing the sympathy of the American people, saying, "As an ardent advocate of international co-operation based on Christian principles he exerted a profound influence throughout the world".His tenure of the see was for no more than two and a half years, yet his influence on the British people, in the field of social justice, on the Christian Church as a whole, and in international relations, was of a kind to which it would be very difficult to find a parallel in the history of England.
William Temple (disambiguation)The Most ReverendRight HonourableArchbishop of CanterburyChurch of EnglandCosmo LangGeoffrey FisherBishop of ManchesterArchbishop of YorkRandall DavidsonExeterWestgate-on-SeaCanterbury CathedralAnglicanismAlma materBalliol College, OxfordAnglicanUniversity of OxfordRepton SchoolWestminster AbbeysocialistConservativeArchbishopric of YorktranslatedFrederick TempleBishop of ExeterFrederick Dillistonepreparatory schoolColet CourtRugby SchoolgodfatherJohn PercivalR. H. TawneyJ. L. Stocksdouble firstOxford UnionEdward CairdAdrian HastingsEast End of LondonQueen's College, OxfordPlato's RepublicRudolf Christoph EuckenHans Hinrich WendtAdolf von HarnackGeorg SimmelBishop of OxfordFrancis PagetdiaconateVirgin birthresurrection of ChristHenry Scott HollandBurnett Hillman StreeterWorkers' Educational AssociationThe AthenaeumThe Saturday ReviewLionel FordHarrowGeorge BellSt Margaret's, Westminstercanonriesholy ordersSt James's, PiccadillyWest End of LondonFirst World WarLabour PartyDavid Lloyd GeorgeYork MinsterManchester CathedralThe Church TimesEdmund KnoxevangelicalDiocese of BlackburnecumenicalGeneral StrikenonconformistBishop Weston of ZanzibarLambeth ConferenceThe Manchester GuardianPhilip de LászlóStanley BaldwinWorld Council of ChurchesBritish Council of ChurchesGifford lecturesDean IngesocialismPilgrim TrustMalvernScapa FlowFrederic IremongerWinston ChurchillHouse of LordsQuakerStephen Hobhousecarpet bombingAdolf Hitlerprimary educationEducation Act 1944Cyril GarbettHewlett JohnsonDean of CanterburycloisterArchbishop of WestminsterBernard GriffinChief RabbiJoseph HertzPresident RooseveltGeorge VIEpiscopal Church6 NovemberChelmsfordGuy WarmanDurhamHensley HensonLiverpoolAlbert DavidOxfordThomas StrongWinchesterTheodore WoodsBernard ShawParliamentary Debates (Hansard)Bell, GeorgeCalder, AngusKynaston, DavidRobbins, KeithProject Gutenberg