Shakhrai was elected as a delegate to both the First All-Ukrainian Consultative Conference of the CP(b)U and the First All Ukrainian Congress of Soviets.He was concerned about the suppression of Ukrainian cultural organizations by Russian Bolshevik troops who were sent to Ukraine in January and February 1918.Lenin consented to the dismemberment of Ukraine through the founding of the Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic as a ruse to place it outside the terms of the Brest Litovsk Treaty.This concern was increased when Lenin gave a speech in November 1918, which called upon party functionaries to consider themselves Russian patriots.Here he worked on a number of underground newspapers, before being arrested and shot by Denikin's administration in autumn 1919.