Utilitarian design
For example, an object intended for a narrow and practical purpose does not need to be aesthetically pleasing, but it must be effective for its task[1] and inexpensive: a steel power pylon carries electric wires just as well as a marble column would, and at a much lower cost.According to Pye, in practice the "purely utilitarian" objects are the ones made to fit the purpose at the lowest possible cost, from scaffolding to an oil refinery.For example, the proper application of plaster fulfills both functional (stopping the drafts) and aesthetic (smooth surface) goals.[5] Since the innovations in the utility and appearance are covered by two different ways of intellectual property protection (patents for functionality, copyrights and trademarks for aesthetics), issues of the utilitarian design are of great interest to the courts and legal scholars.[6][7] The rise of modernism in the late 19th and early 20th century caused utilitarian design, based on utility and economy, to be declared beautiful through a new aesthetic doctrine, functionalism.