The governing body for football in Europe mandates several licences, each valid for coaching at a certain level.They are issued by each UEFA member state's football federation and are valid for three years.[1] [2] A Pro Licence is required for anyone who wishes to manage a football club in the top tier of any European nation's league system on a permanent basis, i.e. more than 12 weeks (the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control).[3][4] The UEFA A Licence is one level below the UEFA Pro Licence and allows holders to be head coaches of youth teams up to age 18, reserve teams (also known as 'B' teams) for top-flight clubs, and men's professional second-tier clubs.[5][6] The UEFA B Licence is one level below the UEFA A Licence, and allows holders to be head coaches of amateur clubs, youth teams up to age 16, and assistant coaches for professional clubs.