Two-dimensional gas

An early research investigation explored cyclotron resonance behavior and the de Haas–van Alphen effect in a two-dimensional electron gas.[4] The investigator was able to demonstrate that for a two-dimensional gas, the de Haas–van Alphen oscillation period is independent of the short-range electron interactions.The exception is the work of Matvija et al. who used a scanning tunneling microscope to directly visualize a local time-averaged density of molecules on a surface.[8] This method is of special importance as it provides an opportunity to probe local properties of 2D gases; for instance it enables to directly visualize a pair correlation function of a 2D molecular gas in a real space.It was shown that the transition from a 2D gas to a 2D solid state can be controlled by a scanning tunneling microscope which can affect the local density of molecules via an electric field.
Two-dimensional elastic collision
Diagram of cyclotron operation from Lawrence's 1934 patent.
two-dimensional spacegaseousideal gaselastic collisionselementary particlesphysicslaws of motionmolecularmathematicallydimensionalphysiciststwo body interactionssuperconductivitythermodynamicssolid statequantum mechanicsPrinceton UniversityMaxwell–Boltzmann statisticsNewtonianstatistical mechanicsclosed form solutionequilibriumvelocityRelaxation timesmean free timeheat flowTwo-dimensional electron gasFermi gascyclotronLawrence'selectronsgas dynamicscyclotron resonancede Haas–van Alphen effectBose gasgraphenescanning tunnelling microscopeultrahigh vacuumbenzenekelvinsdiffractionscanning tunneling microscopepair correlation function2D liquidphase transitionsmeltingplanar surfaceThin filmchemical vapor depositionexcitationsMelting pointOptical latticeThree-body problemBibcodeThermal ConductivityJournal of Statistical Physics"Cyclotron Resonance and de Haas–van Alphen Oscillations of an Interacting Electron Gas"Physical ReviewBose–EinsteincondensationAmerican Physical Society