Roman triumphal honours
After 14 BC, it became the policy of the founder-emperor Augustus, and of his successors, to grant full Triumphs only to members of their own ruling Julio-Claudian dynasty.That is, the dress and privileges traditionally granted to a triumphator, without the elaborate triumphal procession through Rome at the head of his troops.Triumphal honours became debased in the latter part of Tiberius' rule and under Nero (r. 54–68), who awarded them to delators (spies used by these emperors to denounce out-of-favour senators for treason), as well as to military victors.[2] Hadrian (r. 117–138) awarded ornamenta triumphalia to Sextus Julius Severus and other generals after the Bar Kokhba revolt.[3] The bronze monument to Francis II, the last Holy Roman emperor, in the inner courtyard of the Hofburg Palace in Vienna depicts him wearing a corona triumphalis and toga.
Meyers Konversations-LexikonRoman EmpireRoman triumphAugustusJulio-ClaudianFrancis IIcoronetlaurel wreathpalm-leavesRoman kingsConsulsmagistratesForum of AugustusTiberiusdelatorsVespasianClaudiusAntoninesHadrianSextus Julius SeverusBar Kokhba revoltHofburg PalaceJulius CaesarOvationMaxfield, Valerie A.Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities