Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress

Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress are generally rare.Although the Republican and Democratic parties have dominated U.S. politics in a two-party system since 1856, some independents and members of other political parties have also been elected to the House of Representatives or Senate, or changed their party affiliation during their term.

Third-partyindependentUnited States CongressRepublicanDemocraticU.S. politicstwo-party systemHouse of RepresentativesSenateJoe ManchinWest VirginiaElectedKyrsten SinemaArizonaAngus KingBernie SandersVermontcaucusesJoe LiebermanConnecticutRe-electedConnecticut for LiebermanDean BarkleyMinnesotaIndependence Party of MinnesotaJim JeffordsBob SmithNew HampshireJames L. BuckleyNew YorkConservativeHarry F. Byrd Jr.VirginiaWayne MorseOregonJohn E. MillerArkansasErnest LundeenFarmer-LaborGeorge W. NorrisNebraskaElmer Austin BensonRobert M. La Follette Jr.WisconsinProgressiveMagnus JohnsonHenrik ShipsteadMiles PoindexterWashingtonJoseph M. DixonMontanaHenry HeitfeldPopulistWilliam Alexander HarrisKansasHenry Moore TellerColoradoSilver RepublicanFred DuboisFrank J. CannonRichard F. PettigrewSouth DakotaLee MantleJohn P. JonesNevadaSilverWilliam Morris StewartWilliam V. AllenJames H. KyleMarion ButlerNorth CarolinaWilliam A. PefferHarrison H. RiddlebergerReadjusterWilliam MahoneDavid DavisIllinoisNewton BoothCaliforniaAnti-MonopolistOrris S. FerryLiberal RepublicanMorgan C. HamiltonCharles SumnerMassachusettsFree Soil DemocraticDavid T. PattersonTennesseeUnionistJoseph S. FowlerUnconditional UnionistJohn CreswellMarylandBenjamin Gratz BrownMissouriUnion EmancipationistRadical UnionistPeter G. Van WinkleReverdy JohnsonLemuel J. BowdenThomas Holliday HicksRobert WilsonJohn B. HendersonGarrett DavisKentuckyUnion DemocratJohn S. CarlileWaitman T. WilleyPaul MitchellMichigan 10thJustin AmashMichigan 3rdLibertarianVirgil GoodeVirginia 5thJo Ann EmersonMissouri 8thVermont at-largeWilliam CarneyNew York 1stFrazier ReamsOhio 9thFranklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.New York 20thLiberalLeo IsacsonNew York 24thAmerican Labor PartyHarold HagenMinnesota 9thMinnesota Farmer–Labor PartyJohn BernardMinnesota 8thDewey JohnsonMinnesota 5thFranck R. HavennerCalifornia 4thHenry TeiganMinnesota 3rdThomas Ryum AmlieWisconsin 1stGerald J. BoileauWisconsin 7thRich T. BucklerBernard J. GehrmannWisconsin 10thHarry SauthoffWisconsin 2ndGeorge J. SchneiderWisconsin 8thMerlin HullWisconsin 9thVito MarcantonioGardner R. WithrowWisconsin 3rdHenry M. ArensMinnesota at-largeFrancis ShoemakerPaul John KvaleMinnesota 7thKnud WefaldOle J. KvaleWilliam Leighton CarssFiorello La GuardiaNew York 14thSocialistJohn A. ElstonCalifornia 6thMeyer LondonNew York 12thWhitmell P. MartinLouisiana 3rdThomas D. SchallMinnesota 10thCharles Hiram RandallCalifornia 9thProhibitionistWalter M. ChandlerNew York 19thJames W. BryanWashington at-largeJacob FalconerWilliam H. HinebaughIllinois 12thWillis James HulingsPennsylvania 28thWilliam Josiah MacDonaldMichigan 12thMilton William ShrevePennsylvania 25thHenry Wilson TemplePennsylvania 24thCharles M. ThomsonIllinois 10thWilliam StephensCalifornia 10thRoy O. WoodruffBill KentCalifornia 1stIra C. Copley