[2] In Tagalog, profanity has many names: in a religious or formal context, it is called lapastangang pananalita ("blasphemous/irreverent speech") or pag-alipusta/panlalait ("insult").[8] However, most Tagalog speakers dispute this simplistic translation, instead alternately rendering the phrase as "son of a bitch"[9] or as a variation of the word "fuck".[10] According to linguist Ben Zimmer, given the context and how the meaning of puta has shifted in Tagalog, the best translation of Duterte's original expletive directed to US President Barack Obama "Putang-ina, mumurahin kita diyan sa forum na iyan.[13] In Reyes, a certiorari appeal to a criminal defamation and grave threats case, the court acquitted the defendant, ruling that his use of a protest sign reading "Agustin, putang ina mo" did not constitute defamation as[12] [Putang ina mo] is a common enough expression in the dialect that is often employed, not really to slander but rather to express anger or displeasure.It is seldom, if ever, taken in its literal sense by the hearer, that is, as a reflection on the virtues of a mother.In the 1991 biopic action film Boyong Mañalac: Hoodlum Terminator, the main character (portrayed by Eddie Garcia) and the most of the ensemble cast frequently used "Putang ina mo" in most scenes.[16] In Tililing, Yumi Lacsamana, Donnalyn Bartolome and Candy Pangilinan use the phrase while fighting over a panty: "Putang Ina mo!In Revirginized, Sharon Cuneta uses her word while on the beach, "I am sorry, sorry talaga at pakialamera ako, sorry iniintindi ko kayo, Lahat putang ina!Author Mary Isabelle Bresnahan has described it thus: "just as the sensitive makahiya plant protects its inside from direct touch, so too do people hold back in defense of loob [their inner selves]."[19] Unlike in many other languages, Tagalog has no word for excrement that would be considered considerably vulgar, such as English shit or Spanish mierda.[21] In medical contexts, the words derived from the more euphemistic dumi is used to sound more pleasant, like pagdumi for bowel movement instead of pagtae & pagdudumi/pagdurumi for diarrhea instead of pagtatae.Cristine Reyes was swearing in the catfight scene with Isabelle Daza in ABS-CBN's afternoon Drama Tubig at Langis where shot in Bolinao, Pangasinan, "Halika rito, Punyeta ka!), Sharon Cuneta used her word in 2021 Vivamax film Revirginized, in lines such as "sa punyetang ano bang... itong impyernong 'to?!"[22] Ulol, loko, and sira ulo can be used similarly, but they are not interchangeable; they also imply madness or mental retardation on top of stupidity.[28] To avoid breaching this rule, some stations have trialed neural networks which listen to the speech of actors and guests/contestants real time during live performances, and automatically censor certain words.[29] In a paper explaining the system, particular attention was paid by the De La Salle University researchers to censoring potentially insulting words such as gago and ulol.Summit Media's Spot.ph online magazine claims that the word pakshet was popularized by the 2002 film Jologs,[22] but given its etymology, it may date back to the first American contacts with the Philippines.Mildly vulgar, it derives from the Philippine Hokkien expression 無衣食 (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō-uî-sít), literally meaning "without clothes or food".Like most other languages, Tagalog has a wide variety of profane words for the action of intercourse and the names of genitalia or parts thereof.In Tagalog, the vagina is most often referred to with the words puki, kiki, pipi, kikay, kiffy, or pekpek; tinggil is used for the clitoris, titi, otin and burat are used for the penis and bayag for the scrotum.[41] According to a study involving the use of "sexual keywords" among twenty female participants by researcher Michael L. Tan, sexual terms in Tagalog have widely different connotations: some words, such as kantot or hindut, are undeniably profane in all contexts, while others, such as euphemistic use of the verbs gamit (to use), mag-ano (to do "you know what") or mangyari (to happen), "ginalaw" (to move) are more socially acceptable.[1] Some words for intercourse are English derived: mag-do (to "do it"), mag-sex (to have sex) and the plain verb fuck are reportedly common among upper class Filipinos.[42] Tan posits that most sexual language in the Philippines is patriarchal: it focuses on the actions and expectations of the male, rather than female, participants.Other names for sexual acts and positions have their histories rooted in Spanish: cunnilingus is referred to as brotsa (from brocha), while fellatio is tsupa (from chupar).