For example, these sensors have been used in the manufacturing of automobiles (brakes, clutches, door seals, gasket), battery lamination, bolted joints, fuel cells etc.[4][5][betterĀ sourceĀ needed] Tactile sensors can complement visual systems by providing added information when the robot begins to grip an object.Determining weight, texture, stiffness, center of mass, coefficient of friction, and thermal conductivity require object interaction and some sort of tactile sensing.Examples of such sensors available to consumers include arrays built from conductive rubber,[8] lead zirconate titanate (PZT), polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF), PVDF-TrFE,[9] FET,[10] and metallic capacitive sensing[11][12] elements.A key exemplar is the Gelsight technology first developed at MIT which uses a camera behind an opaque gel layer to achieve high-resolution tactile feedback.[1] Recently, a sophisticated tactile sensor has been made open-hardware, enabling enthusiasts and hobbyists to experiment with an otherwise expensive technology.
uSkin Sensor by XELA Robotics, a high-density 3-axis tactile sensor in a thin, soft, durable package, with minimal wiring
A PPS tactile sensor system (TactileHead
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) designed to quantify the pressure distribution over the face and head. Useful to optimise the ergonomic design of headgear and eyewear.