Synthetic fiber
Failure to clean up a spill in the darkroom resulted in Chardonnet's discovery of nitrocellulose as a potential replacement for real silk.The first successful process was developed in 1894 by English chemist Charles Frederick Cross, and his collaborators Edward John Bevan and Clayton Beadle.They named the fiber "viscose", because the reaction product of carbon disulfide and cellulose in basic conditions gave a highly viscous solution of xanthate.[5] It was also produced by British chemists working at the Calico Printers' Association, John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson,[6][7] in 1941.Although many classes of fibers based on synthetic polymers have been evaluated as potentially valuable commercial products, four of them - nylon, polyester, acrylic and polyolefin - dominate the market.
British Englishfiberschemical synthesisnatural fiberslivingscientistsanimalplant fibersextrudingspinneretsHilaire de ChardonnetengineerindustrialistLouis PasteursilkwormsnitrocelluloseParis Exhibition of 1889.Wallace CarothersDuPontCharles Frederick CrossEdward John Bevanviscosecarbon disulfidecellulosexanthateCourtauldscellophanecellulose acetateUnited StatesWorld War IIstockingsparachutesmilitarypolyesterCalico Printers' AssociationJohn Rex WhinfieldTeryleneDacronacrylicpolyolefinmicroplasticModacrylicOlefinartificial silkVinyonSpandexVinalonAramidsKevlarTwaronDyneema/SpectraSulfarLyocellVectranDerclonAcrylonitrileGlass fiberglass woolcomposite materialsglass-reinforced plasticglass fiber reinforced concretebatteryMetallic fiberclothingfashionmetal foilselectricityArtificial turfElasterellDelustrantWayback MachineBibcodeNaturalAbacáBagasseBambooBashōCottonLotus silkRaffiaRattanAlpacaAngoraByssusCamel hairCashmereCatgutChiengoraMohairPashminaQiviutRabbitTendonSpider silkMineralAsbestosRegeneratedMilk fiberSemi-syntheticAcetateDiacetatePiñatexTriacetateCarbonBasaltMetallicAramidTechnoraMicrofiberPolyethyleneUHMWPEVinylon