Superspreading event
[citation needed] The degree to which superspreading contributes to an epidemic is often quantified by the t20 metric, which denotes the proportion of infections attributable to the most infectious 20% of the population.[8] The International Red Cross proposed the practices now known as "safe and dignified burials" during the Western African Ebola virus epidemic to reduce funerary transmission.Through contact tracing, epidemiologists have identified superspreaders in measles, tuberculosis, rubella, monkeypox, smallpox, Ebola hemorrhagic fever and SARS.According to Reuters, KCDC attributed the sudden jump to 70 cases linked to "Patient 31", who had participated in a gathering in Daegu at the Shincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony.[24] A two-day leadership conference for the American biotechnology company Biogen was held at the Marriott Long Wharf Hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, from 26 to 28 February 2020.[25] A genetic analysis study[26] published later the same year estimated the spread at the conference eventually resulted in 1.9% of U.S. coronavirus cases, or as many as 300,000 people.Between 27 February and 1 March, a Tablighi Jamaat event at Masjid Jamek, Seri Petaling in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia attended by approximately 16,000 people resulted in a major outbreak across the country.[34] Initial reports claimed that Baldev Singh had ignored self-quarantine orders, and police collaborated with singer Sidhu Moose Wala to release a rap music video blaming the dead man for bringing the virus to Punjab.But Baldev Singh's fellow travelers insisted that no such order had been given, leading to accusations that local authorities had scapegoated him to avoid scrutiny of their own failures.[citation needed] On 11 May 2020, it came to light that a worker at a fish processing plant in Tema, Ghana was believed to have infected over 500 other people with COVID-19.[36] As of 18 July 2020, more than one thousand suspected superspreading events had been logged, for example a cluster of 187 people who were infected after eating at a Harper's Restaurant and Brew Pub in East Lansing, Michigan.[38] By October 7, the Federal Emergency Management Agency memo revealed that 34 White House staff members, housekeepers, and other contacts had contracted the virus.[40] Few members of the crowd attacking the Capitol wore face coverings, with many coming from out of town, and few of the rioters were immediately detained and identified.[40] On 30 July 2021, it came to light that a Peruvian man, resident of Córdoba, Argentina, brought the Delta variant of COVID-19 after travelling to Spain, but he did not quarantine himself, infecting 17 relatives and putting in isolation over 800 other people.One person who attended the party had recently returned from South Africa, the epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant outbreak and a country where the company has a solar panel project.[43][44][45] On 3 April 2022, the Gridiron Dinner in Washington D.C. led to at least 67 people testing positive for COVID-19, including three members of the Cabinet of Joe Biden: Merrick Garland, Gina Raimondo, and Tom Vilsack.[47] In another case during this same outbreak, a 54-year-old male was admitted to a hospital with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney failure and type II diabetes mellitus.
Hong Kongsevere acute respiratory syndromeinfectious diseaseinfecteddiseasecontext of a human-borne illnessepidemiology80/20 ruleepidemicssecondary contactsherd immunitynosocomial infectionsvirulenceviral loadmisdiagnosisairflow dynamicsimmune suppressionco-infectionpathogenPoisson distributionstochasticitySARS-CoV-12002–2004 SARS outbreakInternational Red CrossWestern African Ebola virus epidemicJonathan KayCOVID-19 pandemicbasic reproduction numberaveragecontact tracingmeaslestuberculosisrubellamonkeypoxsmallpoxsexually transmitted diseasegonorrheahepatitis Cherpes simplex 2SARS-CoV-2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention KoreaReutersShincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the TestimonyBiogenBoston, Massachusettsa Tablighi Jamaat eventKuala LumpurMalaysiaMalaysia's totalCambodiaIndonesiaVietnamBruneithe PhilippinesThailandNew YorkNew RochelleGermanyState of PunjabSidhu Moose Walamusic videoTablighi JamaatTema, GhanaDonald TrumpAmy Coney BarrettWhite House Rose Gardenoutbreak eventFederal Emergency Management Agency2021 United States Capitol attackface coveringsCórdoba, ArgentinaDelta variantScatec ASArenewable energyChristmasNorwayfully vaccinated against COVID-19South AfricaSARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant outbreaksolar panelGridiron DinnerCabinet of Joe BidenMerrick GarlandGina RaimondoTom VilsackGuangdongKowloonkidney failuretype II diabetes mellitusmeasles vaccinationTyphoid feverSalmonella typhiasymptomatic carriersMary MallonBrothers IslandmacrophagesCompartmental models in epidemiologyDisease outbreakIndex casePandemicScale-free networkBibcodeThomson ReutersWashington PostThe Wall Street JournalThe New York TimesNBC NewsLow, DonaldThe Daily TelegraphLos Angeles TimesOutlineGerm theory of diseaseInfectivityInfectious dosePathogenicityAttack rateQuorum sensingEndotoxinExotoxinCase fatality ratefactorsAntimicrobial resistanceDrug resistanceHorizontal gene transferMultidrug-resistant bacteriaHost tropism