State preemption

[7] This protection is shrinking, since Ohio preempted cities from raising the minimum wage[8] and charging a fee on single-use plastic bags.[9] The Supreme Court of the United States has struck down preemption laws that had a civil rights concern, such as in Romer v. Evans (1995).A state appellate court ruled that, as the law was not actively enforced, it did not violate the statute.[12] In 1992, Colorado voters approved Amendment 2, which preempted municipal anti-discrimination laws protecting gay people.[14] The Colorado amendment was invalidated by the SCOTUS in Romer v. Evans (1995), with the majority opinion stating that the law was "born of animosity toward the class of persons affected."
United States lawstate governmentcountystate legislaturemunicipal governmentsRepublicansDemocratsTucsonhome ruleSupreme Court of the United StatesRomer v. EvansAndrew Gillumpro bonoAmendment 2repealedFederal preemptionParamountcy (Canada)Dillon's ruleHunter v. City of PittsburghEqual Access to Intrastate Commerce ActIntrastate Commerce Improvement ActPublic Facilities Privacy & Security ActBriffault, RichardStanford Law ReviewPubliusColumbia Law Review