Accounting standard

Accounting standards prescribe in considerable detail what accruals must be made, how the financial statements are to be presented, and what additional disclosures are required.Giant firms in some Asian countries were able to take advantage of their poorly devised accounting standards to cover up immense debts and losses, which yielded a collective effect that eventually led the whole region into financial crisis.[citation needed] The notable limitations of accounting standards are their inflexibility, time-consuming process to create them, the difficulty of choosing between alternative treatments and their restrictive scope.All listed and grouped EU companies have been required to use IFRS since 2005, Canada moved in 2009,[5] Taiwan in 2013,[6] and other countries are adopting local versions.[7][8] In the United States, while "... the SEC published a statement of continued support for a single set of high-quality, globally accepted accounting standards, and acknowledged that IFRS is best positioned to serve this role..."[9] progress is less evident.
AccountingConstant purchasing powerHistorical costManagementBudgetForensicFinancialGovernmentalSocialAccounting periodAccrualEconomic entityFair valueGoing concernMatching principleMaterialityRevenue recognitionUnit of accountAssetsCost of goods soldDepreciationAmortization (business)EquityExpensesGoodwillLiabilitiesProfitRevenueGenerally-accepted principlesGenerally-accepted auditing standardsConvergenceInternational Financial Reporting StandardsInternational Standards on AuditingManagement Accounting PrinciplesFinancial statementsAnnual reportBalance sheetCash-flowIncomeManagement discussionNotes to the financial statementsBookkeepingBank reconciliationDebits and creditsDouble-entry systemFIFO and LIFOJournalLedgerGeneral ledgerTrial balanceAuditingInternalReportSarbanes–Oxley ActAccountantsLuca PacioliHistoryResearchPositive accountingCreativeEarnings managementError accountHollywoodOff-balance-sheetTwo sets of bookscash method of accountingaccrual basis accrual accountingAccounting scandalsWorldcomCanadaGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles ( Canada)Chinese Accounting StandardsFranceGenerally Accepted Accounting Practice (Plan Comptable Général)GermanyIndian Accounting Standards (Ind_AS)Companies Act,2013Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (USA)Luxembourg - Luxembourg Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Lux GAAP)Nepal Financial Reporting StandardsRussiaRussian GAAPSwedenBAS (accounting)SwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomGenerally Accepted Accounting Practice (UK)United StatesGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States)Statutory accounting principlesInternational Accounting Standards BoardConstant item purchasing power accountingConvention of consistencyConvergence of accounting standardsCreative accountingForensic accountingPhilosophy of accountingCanadian Institute of Chartered AccountantsMeeks, Geoff