S.A. (corporation)
The abbreviation S.A. or SA[a] designates a type of limited company in certain countries, most of which have a Romance language as their official language and operate a derivative of the 1804, Napoleonic, civil law.[1] Originally, shareholders could be anonymous and collect dividends by surrendering coupons attached to their share certificates.As with bearer bonds, anonymous unregistered share ownership and dividend collection enabled money laundering, tax evasion, and concealed business transactions in general, so governments passed laws to audit the practice.Nowadays, shareholders of S.A.s are not anonymous, though shares can still be held by a holding company to obscure the beneficiary.S.A. can be an abbreviation of: "SA" is part of the name of lots of corporations named after an acronym: some examples are Cepsa, originally Compañía Española de Petróleos, Sociedad Anónima, "Spanish petroleum company, S.A.";[4] Sabena, originally Societé anonyme belge d'Exploitation de la Navigation aérienne, "Belgian S.A. of exploitation of air navigation".
Société Anonyme (art)Corporate lawAnguillaAustraliaCanadaCayman IslandsSouth AfricaUnited StatesVietnamEuropean UnionFranceGermanyCompanyConglomerateCooperativeCorporationHolding companyJoint-stockPartnershipGeneralLimitedLimited liabilityPrivate limitedShell corporationShelf corporationSole proprietorshipCorporate formsby jurisdictionSocietas (SE)Societas cooperativa (SCE)Societas privata (SPE)Societas unius personae (SUP)Economic interest grouping (EEIG)Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales) (CIO)Scottish charitable incorporated organisation (SCIO)Community interest company (CIC)Industrial and provident society (IPS)Limited company (Ltd.)by guaranteeby sharesproprietarypublicUnlimited companyBenefit corporationC corporationLimited liability company (LLC)Low-profit LLCSeries LLCLimited liability limited partnership (LLLP)S corporationDelaware corporationstatutory trustMassachusetts business trustNevada corporationAktiebolag (AB)Aktiengesellschaft (AG)Ansvarlig selskap (ANS)Aktieselskab (A/S)Aksjeselskap (AS)Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH)Kabushiki gaisha (K.K.)Naamloze vennootschap (N.V.)Osakeyhtiö (Oy)Société à responsabilité limitée (SARL)more...Business judgment ruleCorporate governanceDe facto and estoppel corporationsInternal affairs doctrineTag-along rightDrag-along rightPiercing the corporate veilRochdale PrinciplesUltra viresBeneficial ownershipCivil procedureContractCorporate registersRegistered agentBanque de Montreuxlimited companyRomance languagecivil lawshareholdersdividendscouponsshare certificatesbearer bondsmoney launderingtax evasionGalicianEuropean PortuguesePortugalTimor LesteLusophone AfricaBrazilian PortugueseBrazilAsturianLeoneseCatalanFrenchFrench-speaking countriesFrench PolynesiaNew CaledoniaMonacoBelgiumnaamloze vennootschapLuxembourgLuxembourgishSwitzerlandAktiengesellschaftLebanonTunisiaMoroccoMauritaniaSenegalIvory CoastAlgeriaCanadian FrenchSwiss ItalianSocietà per azioniSpanishMexicanpublicly traded companieslimited liability companyPolishRomanian