1954 Sino-Indian Agreement

The preamble of the agreement stated the panchsheel, or the five principles of peaceful coexistence, that China proposed and India favoured.[2] The agreement expired on 6 June 1962, as per the original term limit, in the midst of the Sino-Indian border tensions.[6] According to Claude Arpi, the passes/routes mentioned by Delhi were:[5][better source needed] The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence or Panchsheel upon which the articles of the treaty were based on are listed as:[7] Article I of the agreement paved the way for the establishment of Chinese trade agencies in New Delhi, Calcutta, and Kalimpong and Indian trade Agencies at Yatung, Gyantse, and Gartok.[7] Article VI outlined that "upon ratification by both Governments and shall remain in force for eight (8) years" and the procedure for extension.[8] Commentators in the West and also within India viewed the agreement as a "diplomatic blunder" on the part of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, especially after the 1962 war.
Pekingfive principles of peaceful coexistencedecolonisationassertion of suzeraintyBertil LintnerSino-Indian border tensionsConvention of CalcuttaConvention of LhasaConvention Between Great Britain and China Respecting TibetAnglo-Russian ConventionSeven Point Agreement 1951Ganden PhodrangClaude ArpiTashigongGartokSpanggur TsoChiakangChurkangRuksomShipki LaMana PassNiti PassTunjun LaShalshal PassKungri Bingri PassLampiya DhuraMangsha DhuraLipulekhNew DelhiCalcuttaKalimpongYatungGyantseSiliguriPulanchungGyanimaDharmaLipu LekhJawaharlal Nehru1962 warArpi, ClaudeWikisource