Scarification

Scarification is a form of language not readily expressed, except through extensive and intricate greetings, and gives the ability to communicate fully, which is a key element for being considered as a normal member of the group.With young men, the endurance of the pain of scarring exhibits strength and discipline, especially in tribes where males have roles as hunters and warriors.A young man who has already experienced the feeling of torn or cut flesh is considered less likely to fear the teeth of a wild animal or the tip of an enemy's spear.[14] Scarification can be used to transmit complex messages about identity; such permanent body markings may emphasize fixed social, political, and religious roles.[1] Tattoos, scars, brands, and piercings, when voluntarily acquired, are ways of showing a person's autobiography on the surface of the body to the world.Scarification is not a precise practice; variables, such as skin type, cut depth, and how the wound is treated while healing, can make the outcome unpredictable compared to other forms of body modification.
Detailed facial scarification
Aeta man from the island of Luzon with a scarified form of indigenous Philippine tattoo , c. 1890s
Aboriginal Australian with scarification of the back, 1911
Tribal crocodile scarification done near the Sepik River in Papua New Guinea
Scarifications on this child's face show his clan membership.
Scarification being created
Scarification (botany)intradermal injectionsilvicultureScarification (Gotham)BloodlettingIndigenous peoplesetchingbrandingbody modificationbody artcicatrizationindigenous Philippine tattooAboriginal AustralianMelanesiaScarification in AfricaresistanceDagombaFrafraMamprusiNanumbaTɔfinMontolKofyarYorubaTiv peopleShillukToposaBondeiShambaaBarabaigMaasai peopleVan GennepLévi-StraussKayaporite of passageSepik RiverChambriPapua New GuineaEthiopiaNigeriaNorthern GhanaGonjasNanumbasDagombasFrafrasMamprusisTattoohypertrophic scarskeloidInfectionHIV/AIDSHepatitis CDueling scarTurner, TS