Samuel Hirsch
Samuel Hirsch, (June 8, 1815 – May 14, 1889) was a major Reform Judaism philosopher and rabbi who mainly worked and resided in present-day Germany in his earlier years.Having received a call from the Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1866, he resigned his post in Europe and moved to the United States.During his rabbinate in Philadelphia Hirsch organized the Orphans' Guardian Society, and was the founder of the first branch in the United States of the Alliance Israélite Universelle.His "Katechismus der Israelitischen Religion" was also constructed on original lines; he considered the Biblical legends to be psychological and typical allegories, and the ceremonies of Judaism to be symbols of underlying ideas.He denied that Judaism is a law; it is Lehre ("teaching" or "lore") but is expressed in symbolic ceremonies that may be changed in accordance with historic development.
Samson Raphael HirschSamuel Hirsch (lawyer)Reform JudaismGermanyUnited StatesChicago, IllinoisJewish philosophyHellenisticHasmoneanSadduceanPhariseeBoethusianAristobulus of AlexandriaPhilo of AlexandriaMedievalBrethren of PurityIbn Bajjah (Avempace)Ismaili philosophyJewish KalamKabbalahRabbinic JudaismHasdai ibn ShaprutIbn GabirolAbraham bar HiyyaBahya ibn PaqudaJudah HaleviAbraham ibn DaudJoseph ibn TzaddikAbraham ibn EzraMaimonidesNachmanidesSamuel ibn TibbonJoseph ben JudahShem-Tov ibn FalaqueraGersonidesMoses of NarbonneIsaac ben SheshetHasdai CrescasJoseph AlboElia del MedigoJudah MinzIsaac AbarbanelJudah Leon AbravanelNatan'el al-FayyumiMansur ibn Sulayman al-GhamariIsaac IsraeliSaadia Gaonal-MukkamasHibat Allah Abu'l-BarakatIbn KammunaKabbalistKaraismTalmudicTosafistModernOrthodoxSephardicChabadChassidicConservativeReformExistentialistReconstructionistHolocaustRenewalNeo-HasidicMussarRambamistFrancisco SanchesUriel da CostaBaruch SpinozaSalomon MaimonJoseph Solomon DelmedigoElijah Ba'al Shem of ChelmEliezer ben Elijah AshkenaziTzvi AshkenaziJacob EmdenShneur Zalman of LiadiSimcha Bunim of PeshischaJacob AbendanaIsaac CardosoDavid NietoIsaac Orobio de CastroMoses MendelssohnSamuel David LuzzattoElijah BenamozeghMoses HessEliezer BerkovitsEliyahu DesslerMonsieur ChouchaniEmmanuel LevinasMartin BuberGershom ScholemAbraham Isaac KookJoseph SoloveitchikMenachem Mendel SchneersonChosen peopleEschatologyEthicsHappinessHolinessMessiahMicrocosm–macrocosmRighteousnessThalfangRhineland-PalatinatePrussiaUniversity of BonnUniversity of BerlinUniversity of LeipzigDessauchief rabbiGrand Duchy of LuxembourgWilliam II of the Netherlandsrabbinical conferences held at BrunswickReform Congregation Keneseth IsraelPhiladelphiaDavid EinhornEmil G. HirschAlliance Israélite UniverselleShabbatWilson, J. G.Fiske, J.Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biographypublic domainSinger, Isidore