Risaldar

Risaldar, meaning the commander of a risala or risalah (a body of horse,[1] regardless if troop or regiment[2]) in Persian, is a mid-level rank in cavalry and armoured units of the Indian and Pakistan Army.[citation needed] The JCO evolved from the Viceroy's commissioned officers (VCO), established during the British Raj in 1885.The VCOs themselves succeeded the so called native officers holding a commission of the Governor General.[3] In the late 19th century, the spelling risaldar was uncommon, and the rank was usually listed as ressaldar or russuldar (e.g. in the Bombay Cavalry).[5] A rissaldar was roughly equivalent to a native captain and ranked between risaldar-major and ressaidar (later jemadar).
RessaidarPersiancavalryarmouredIndianPakistan ArmyinfantrysubedarViceroy's commissioned officerBritish Indian ArmyIndian Armyjunior commissioned officersnon-commissioned officerscommissioned officersnaib risaldarrisaldar majorBritish RajGovernor GeneralWorld War Icaptainrisaldar-majorjemadarKing's or Queen's commissionRoutledge & Kegan PaulMunshiram ManoharlalIndian Armed Forces