Proto-Kra–Dai language

Proto-Kra–Dai (typically abbreviated as PKD) is the proposed reconstructed ancestor of the Kra–Dai languages.Wu (2002) presents a reconstruction of Proto-Kra–Dai phonemes, which is based on data from the Tai, Kam-Sui, Hlai, and Kra branches.[2] Liang & Zhang (1996) propose a reconstruction of Proto-Kra–Dai (Chinese: 原始侗台语) initials and finals, using data from all Kra–Dai branches except for Kra and Jiamao.[4] Ostapirat (2023) proposes the following consonant inventory for Proto-Kra–Dai, which is relatively simple compared to that of Proto-Tai and other lower-level reconstructions.[6] Ostapirat (2023) considers many Proto-Tai spirants and rhotics to have developed from the intervocalic lenition of Proto-Kra–Dai medial obstruents.
Pearl RiverProto-Kam–SuiProto-KraProto-HlaiProto-TaireconstructedKra–Dai languagesBenedictChineseJiamaoLabialCoronalPalatalUvular GlottalPlosiveVoicelessVoicedFricativeApproximantNorquestvelarizedp-Kam–Suidisyllabicsesquisyllabicmonosyllabicthatch grassLakkjaKam–SuiAustro-Tai languagesOld ChineseProto-Austronesian languageProto-Hmong–Mien languageProto-Austroasiatic languageBuyangQabiaoCao MiaoMaonanChadongAi-ChamLakkiaBouhinLauhutTongzhaZanduiBaotingChangjiangMoyfawBaishaYuanmenJizhaoZhuangNorthernStandard ZhuangBouyeiHezhang BuyiYei ZhuangLongsang ZhuangTai YoTai PaoCentralNong ZhuangDai ZhuangMin ZhuangYang ZhuangPyang ZhuangMyang ZhuangTsʻün-LaoSouthwesternTai YaTai NueaTai LongTai HongjinKhamtiTai LaingKhamyangTurungPhu ThaiLao NyoKaloengNorthern ThaiTai DaengTai MeuayTai DónTai Hang TongTai LueTai DamThai SongTày TacSouthern ThaiTai Muong VatTai ThanhTai KhangCao Lanmixed originsKam–TaiProto-languagesextinct languages