Octave
For example, the C major scale is typically written C D E F G A B C (shown below), the initial and final Cs being an octave apart.The use of such intervals is rare, as there is frequently a preferable enharmonically-equivalent notation available (minor ninth and major seventh respectively), but these categories of octaves must be acknowledged in any full understanding of the role and meaning of octaves more generally in music.In scientific pitch notation, a specific octave is indicated by a numerical subscript number after note name.In this notation, middle C is C4, because of the note's position as the fourth C key on a standard 88-key piano keyboard, while the C an octave higher is C5.Any of these directions can be cancelled with the word loco, but often a dashed line or bracket indicates the extent of the music affected.The human ear tends to hear both notes as being essentially "the same", due to closely related harmonics.[10] Leon Crickmore recently proposed that "The octave may not have been thought of as a unit in its own right, but rather by analogy like the first day of a new seven-day week".[12] Studies have also shown the perception of octave equivalence in rats,[13] human infants,[14] and musicians[15] but not starlings,[16] 4–9-year-old children,[17] or non-musicians.
Octave (disambiguation)InverseunisonSemitonesInterval classJust intervalJust intonationdiapasonintervalfrequencyharmonic seriesmusic notationpitch classperfect fourthperfect fifthinterval qualitiesItalianOscillogrammiddle Cmillisecondmusical scalesAugmented octavediminished octaveenharmonicallyminor ninthmajor seventhscientificHelmholtzsheet musicTwinkle, Twinkle, Little Starparallel harmonyconsonantfifthssecondsequivalentscalesearly musicSumerianAkkadiancuneiformthalamusBlind octaveDecadeEight-foot pitchOctave bandOctave speciesOne-third octavePitch circularityPseudo-octavePythagorean intervalShort octaveSolfègeSadie, StanleyTyrrell, JohnThe New Grove Dictionary of Music and MusiciansMacmillan PublishersDiana DeutschWayback MachineJournal of Experimental PsychologyJournal of the Acoustical Society of AmericaPsychology of MusicKyle GannIntervalsTwelve-semitonefourthsecondseventhoctaveeleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenth24-tone equal temperamentNeutralquarter tonemajor fourthminor fifthJust intonations7-limitseptimal quarter toneseptimal third toneseptimal chromatic semitoneseptimal diatonic semitonesupermajor secondsubminor thirdsupermajor thirdsubminor fifthsupermajor fourthsubminor seventhHigher-limitminor diatonic semitoneMicrotone5-limitSubminor and supermajorPythagorean limmaPythagorean apotomeMajor limmaUndecimal quarter toneCommasPythagorean commaSyntonic commaHoldrian commaSeptimal commaLesser diesisGreater diesisSeptimal diesisDiaschismaSemicommaSeptimal semicommaKleismaSeptimal kleismaSchismaBreedsmaRagismaMillioctaveSavartDitoneSemiditoneIncomposite intervalList of pitch intervalsVoicing in musicBlock chordClose and open harmonyCommon toneRoot position