Paul Clemens von Baumgarten (28 August 1848, in Dresden – 10 July 1928, in Tübingen) was a German pathologist.In 1877 he earned his habilitation, and several years later became an associate professor of pathological anatomy (1881).Based on numerous experiments, he disputed Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov's theory of phagocytes, and he decreed that neither Koch's new or old methods had any remedying effect on tubercles inoculated into rabbits or guinea pigs.[1] His textbook of pathological mycology[2] was a well-regarded, exhaustive study of bacteriology, in which its botanical, chemical, and pathological aspects are discussed in the form of lectures.[3] From 1885 to 1917, Baumgarten published the Jahresberichte über die Fortschritte in der Lehre von den pathogenen Organismen, and in 1889, began publication of Arbeiten auf dem Gebiete der pathogenen Anatomie und Bakteriologie (9 volumes).